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Descriptions are generated automatically from the ICTVdB database including links. Some descriptions are only very basic and links may point to documents that are not yet published on the Web.

00.046.0.03. Thogotovirus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.046.0.03. Thogotovirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Classification

This is a description of an invertebrate or vertebrate virus at the genus level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.046.0.03. Virus accession number: 046003GE. Obsolete virus code: 46.0.3; superceded accession number: 46030000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 35323.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): Influenza virus D. Virus is of the family 00.046. Orthomyxoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of an envelope, a matrix protein, a nucleoprotein complex, a nucleocapsid, and a polymerase complex. Virus capsid is enveloped. Virions are spherical to pleomorphic; filamentous forms occur (sometimes). Virions measure 80-120 nm in diameter; 200-300 nm in length. The envelope surrounds one nucleocapsid. Surface projections are densely dispersed, distinctive spikes that cover the surface evenly and comprise esterase-esterase. Surface projections are composed of one type of protein. Surface projections are 10-14 nm long; 4-6 nm in diameter. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The nucleocapsid is helical; and segments have different size classes; with a length of 50-130 nm. The nucleocapsids are segmented with loops at one end.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

The molecular mass (Mr) of virions is 250 x 106. Virions have a buoyant density in sucrose of 1.19 g cm-3. The sedimentation coefficient is 700-800 S20w (for non-filamentous particles). Virions are very sensitive. Virions are sensitive to treatment with heat, lipid solvents, non-ionic detergents, formaldehyde, oxidizing agents. The infectivity is reduced after exposure to irradiation.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is segmented and consists of six segments of to seven segments of linear, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 10000 nucleotides long. The segment 1. Segment 2;   is sequenced, complete sequence is about 2200-2250 nucleotides long. Segment 3 is sequenced and complete sequence is about 600-1600 nucleotides long. Segment 4 has been fully sequenced, complete sequence is 1580 nucleotides long. Segment 5 has been sequenced, but only an estimate is presented, complete sequence is 600-1500 nucleotides long. Segment 6 has been sequenced, but only an estimate is given, complete sequence is 900-1000 nucleotides long. The genome has terminally redundant sequences. The genome sequence is repeated at both ends. The 5'-terminal sequence has conserved regions and repeats complementary to the 3'-terminus (5'-AGAGA(U/A)AUCAAAAGC..., terminal repeats at the 5'-end are 14 nucleotides long. The 3'-terminus has conserved nucleotide sequences; of 11 nucleotides in length; sequence has conserved regions (3'-UCGUUUUGUUC..., in all RNA species, or some RNA segments. The multipartite genome is encapsidated, each segment in a separate nucleocapsid, and the nucleocapsids are surrounded by one envelope.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.

Lipids

Lipids are present and located in the envelope. Virions are composed of 18-37% lipids by weight. The composition of viral lipids and host cell membranes are similar. The lipids are modified cellular lipids and are derived from plasma membranes. Proteins of host derived membranes have been modified during post-translational processes. Host-derived membranes contain viral proteins in place of host proteins.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Virus infects during its life cycle arthropod and vertebrate hosts. Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda, or Chordata.

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Hexapoda; Class Arachnida.

Phylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata; Class Mammalia.

Class Mammalia Order Primates;
Family Hominidae.
Virus infects Homo sapiens (human).

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector in a direct manner. Virus is transmitted by contact between hosts.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods; arthropod-borne virus is transmitted by arachnids; arthropod-borne virus is transmitted by ticks. Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; replicates in the vector.

Taxonomic Structure of the Genus

Type species 00.046.0.03.001. Thogoto virus .

Species in the Genus

List of Species in the Genus.

Data Sources and Contributions

The description has been compiled from data in the ICTV Report presented by Klenk H-D, Cox NJ, Lamb RA, Mahy BWJ, Nakamura K, Nuttall PA, Palese P, Rott R.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

Taxonomic Proposals and Changes

There are tick borne viruses (e.g., Dhori and Thogoto viruses) prevalent in Europe, Asia and Africa, and occasionally infecting man. Such viruses, morphologically resembling influenza viruses, contain 6(maybe 7) ssRNA segments of negative sense, which have 3' ends similar to Orthomyxoviridae. Based on nucleotide sequences that have been compared to those of influenza A, B and C viruses, segments 4, 5, and 6 of Dhori virus have been predicted to code for the single glycoprotein (521 amino acids), the nucleoprotein (474 amino acids), and the matrix protein (270 amino acids), respectively.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

ICTVdB and DELTA related References

Comments to ICTVdB Management
Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
Copyright © 2002    International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.    All rights reserved.


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