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00.039.0.03. Enamovirus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.039.0.03. Enamovirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the genus level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.039.0.03. Virus accession number: 039003GE. Obsolete virus code: 24.0.1.; superceded accession number: 24010000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12289.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): Pea enation mosaic virus group. Virus is of the family 00.039. Luteoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with polyhedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 25-28 nm. Capsids appear round, or hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.436 g cm-3. There are 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 112 S20w; of the other(s) are 99 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 5-6. A260/A280 ratio is 1.63. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 55-65°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 4 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 4. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; lost when deproteinized with proteases.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 28% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented; bipartite, segements are distributed among 2 particle types, or multipartite and segments are distributed over several particles of varying size, depending on the length of the genome enclosed. The genome consists of three segments of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain satellite RNA. The complete genome is 9958-10675 nucleotides long. RNA-1 is fully sequenced. Complete sequence is 5705 nucleotides long. RNA-2 is about 4253 nucleotides long, RNA-3 is sequenced, but only an estimate is given, complete sequence is 717 nucleotides long (satellite RNA). The genome has a base ratio of 26.6 % guanine; 24.1 % adenine; 24.5 % cytosine; 24.8 % uracil. Nucleotide sequences at the 3'-terminus are unrelated to the 5'-terminus. The 5'-end of the genome has a genome-linked protein (VPg) (however, it is uncertain if all RNA species carry this covalently linked protein). The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle and the segments are distributed between 2 different types of particles.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 72% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 3 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by seeds.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; can facilitate the vector transmission of another virus.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Cicer arietinum, Lathyrus odoratus, Lens culinaris, Lespedeza stipulacea, Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius, Medicago arabica, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Nicotiana clevelandii, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium repens, Trifolium subterraneum, Vicia faba, Vicia sativa, Vicia villosa.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, or Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Gomphrena globosa, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago hispida, Nicotiana rustica, Sesbania exaltata, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium pratense.

Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm, or nucleus, or cell vacuole.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Canada, or China, or Iran, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of America.

Taxonomic Structure of the Genus

Type species 00.039.0.03.001. Pea enation mosaic virus 1 .

Species in the Genus

List of Species in the Genus.

Data Sources and Contributions

The description has been compiled from data in the ICTV Report presented by de Zoeten GA, Demler SA.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

Taxonomic Proposals and Changes

A taxonomic proposal has been submitted to the ICTV by the Plant Virus Subcommittee, Study Group for Luteoviridae at the meeting in San Diego, March 1998, to change the position of the taxon. The proposal has been approved at the meeting of the Executive Committee in San Diego, 1998, the taxon has been designated as Genus (in the newly created Family of Luteovirus).

The taxonomic status of the genus Enamovirus is currently in a state of transition. Pea enation mosaic virus can best be characterised as a symbiotic association of two taxonomically distinct viral genomes. RNA2 is a coat protein-deficient viral RNA with a polymerase domain which is closely related to those of member viruses of the family Tombusviridae (genera Tombusvirus and Carmovirus) and the genera Dianthovirus, Necrovirus and Luteovirus. The RNA2 encoded polymerase also has strong sequence homology with carrot mottle virus, the type species of the genus Umbravirus. These taxonomic affiliations, the dependence on a luteo-like virus for encapsidation and aphid transmission, and the ability of RNA2 to initiate an autonomous systemic infection would strongly argue that RNA2 should be included within the genus Umbravirus.

In contrast, RNA1 of PEMV has many characteristics (aphid transmission, cytopathology, genomic organisation) that would indicate a stronger affiliation with the BWYV-PLRV subgroup of the genus Luteovirus. At this time, the limitations to this analogy centers on whether RNA1 alone can induce a phloem-limited infection in planta. If RNA1 and RNA2 infections are separable at the whole plant level, then PEMV should be considered a true mixed infection of taxonomically distinct viruses. However, if RNA1 retains some form of dependence on RNA2, then the retention of the Enamovirus genus would be more appropriate.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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