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00.039.0.03.001. Pea enation mosaic virus-1

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.039.0.03.001. Pea enation mosaic virus-1. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: New York; the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Vicia faba.

Natural host and symptoms
Cicer arietinum, Lathyrus odoratus, Lens culinaris, Medicago arabica, Pisum sativum, Trifolium incarnatum, Vicia faba, Vicia sativa — hyaline local lesions with enations, mosaic, puckering and stunting.

Reference to Isolation Report
Osborn (1935).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.039.0.03.001. Virus accession number: 39003001. Obsolete virus code: 24.0.1.0.001; superceded accession number: 24010001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 193121.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): enation pea mosaic virus. ICTV approved acronym: PEMV-1. Acronym(s): PEMV. Virus is the type species of the genus Enamovirus; family 00.039. Luteoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with polyhedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 25 and 28 nm (T and B, respectively). Capsids appear round, or hexagonal in outline (some hexagonal, others pentagonal or ovoid). The capsomer arrangement is not obvious.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Aldehyde fixation necessary for slower sedimenting virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Hull and Lane (1973, Mahmood and Peters (1973).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.436 g cm-3 (for B component; top component degraded in CsCl). The density of virions is 1.36 in D2O and 1.380 in Cs2SO4 for both components. There are 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 112 S20w (B, of the other(s) are 99 S20w (T). Isoelectric point pH is 5-6. A260/A280 ratio is 1.63 (unfractionated preparations). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 55-65°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 4 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 4. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; lost when deproteinized with proteases.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 28% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented; bipartite, segements are distributed among 2 particle types, or multipartite and segments are distributed over several particles of varying size, depending on the length of the genome enclosed. The genome consists of three segments of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain satellite RNA of 0.72 kb. The complete genome is 9958-10675 nucleotides long. The RNA-1 is partially sequenced and sequenced region is 5705 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number
[L04573] Em(40)_vi:PEQPOLYZ Gb(84)_vi:PEQPOLYZ Pea enation mosaic virus ORF 1, complete cds; ORF 2, complete cds; ORF 3, 3' end cds; coat protein gene, complete cds; ORF 5, 3' end cds.
[U03563] Em(40)_vi:PE03563 Gb(84)_vi:PEU03563 Pea enation mosaic virus 65kDa viral replicase gene, complete cds. 6/94 4,253bp.
[U03564] Em(40)_vi:PE03564 Gb(84)_vi:PEU03564 Pea enation mosaic virus WSG satellite RNA. 5/94 717bp.
[Z48507] Em(43)_vi:Pemvcp Gb(89)_vi:Pemvcp Pea enation mosaic virus RNA for coat protein. 2/95 1,482bp.

RNA-2 is is about 4253 nucleotides long (see Taxonomy and Relationships — below).   is sequenced and complete sequence is about 717 nucleotides long (satellite RNA). The genome has a base ratio of 26.6 % guanine; 24.1 % adenine; 24.5 % cytosine; 24.8 % uracil. Nucleotide sequences at the 3'-terminus are unrelated to the 5'-terminus. The 5'-end of the genome has a genome-linked protein (VPg) (however, it is uncertain if all RNA species carry this covalently linked protein). The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle and the segments are distributed between 2 different types of particles.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 72% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 3 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Replication cycle Features: the genome has Five ORFs (RNA-1). The coat protein and the 54kDa protein are probably translated from a subgenomic mRNA. RNA-2 also has 5 ORFs.

Antigenicity

This virus is probably a complex that has arisen by 'symbiogenesis' (Gibbs, 1995). Tests with transcripts of cDNAs encoding the two genomic components (Demler et al., 1993, 1994) show that RNA-1 can replicate alone in protoplasts, but not in intact plants, whereas RNA-2 can replicate alone in both protoplasts and plants. Thus RNA-2 complements RNA-1 allowing it to be transmitted in sap, and to spread systemically, whereas RNA-1 directs virion protein synthesis and assembly into virions.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; probably transmitted by seeds.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Acyrthosiphon pisum, Myzus persicae. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; can facilitate the vector transmission of another virus (bean yellow vein banding virus).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Cicer arietinum, Lathyrus odoratus, Lens culinaris, Lespedeza stipulacea, Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius, Medicago arabica, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Nicotiana clevelandii, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium repens, Trifolium subterraneum, Vicia faba, Vicia sativa, Vicia villosa.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, or Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Gomphrena globosa, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago hispida, Nicotiana rustica, Sesbania exaltata, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium pratense.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Chenopodium album, C. amaranticolor — chlorotic local lesions.

Lathyrus odoratus, Medicago arabica, Pisum sativum, Trifolium incarnatum, Vicia faba — systemic mosaic, hyaline lesions with enations, puckering.

Nicotiana clevelandii — systemic mosaic and puckering.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Pisum sativum and Vicia faba, which is less satisfactory.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium album (L), C. amaranticolor (L), C. quinoa (L).

References to host data: McEwen and Schroeder (1956, Hagedorn et al. (1964, Thottappilly (1972, Cockbain and Gibbs (1973, Hampton et al. (1978).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in leaves and phloem. Virions are found in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell vacuole.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm, or nucleus. Inclusions are aggregates in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Inclusions contain mature virions. Other cellular changes include phloem necrosis with dark staining spherical bodies in sieve tubes.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Canada, China, Iran, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America.

References

Adam, G., Sander, E. and Shepherd, R.J. (1979). Virology 92: 1.

Clark, R.G. and Bath, JE (1977). Phytopathology 67: 1035.

Cockbain, AJ. and Gibbs, AJ. (1973). Ann. appl. Biol. 73: 177.

Demler, S.A. and de Zoeten, GA (1989). J. gen. Virol. 70: 1075.

Demler, S.A. and de Zoeten, GA (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 1819.

Demler, S.A., Rucker, D.G. and de Zoeten, GA (1993). J. gen. Virol. 74: 1.

Demler, S.A., Borkhrenious, O.N. Rucker, D.G. and de Zoeten, GA (1994). J. gen. Virol. 75: 997.

De Zoeten, GA, Powell, CA, Gaard, G. and German, T.L. (1976). Virology 70: 459.

Gabriel, C.J. and de Zoeten, GA (1984). Virology 139: 223.

German, T.L. and de Zoeten, GA (1975). Virology 66: 172.

German, T.L., de Zoeten, GA and Hall, T.C. (1978). Intervirology 9: 226.

Gibbs, M.J. (1995). D. Phil. thesis, University of Oxford.

Gonsalves, D. and Shepherd, R.J. (1972). Virology 48: 709.

Harris, K.F., Bath, JE, Thottapilly, G. and Hooper, G.R. (1975). Virology 65: 148.

Hagedorn, D.J., Layne, R.E.C. and Ruppel, E.G., (1964). Phytopathology 54: 843.

Hampton, R., Beczner, L., Hagedorn, D., Bos, L., Inouye, T., Barnett, O., Musil, M. and Meiners, J. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 989.

Hull, R. (1977). J. gen. Virol. 34: 183.

Hull, R. and Lane, LC (1973). Virology 55: 1.

Hull, R. (1977). In: Aphids as Virus Vectors, p. 137; ed. K. F. Harris and K. Maramorosch. Academic Press, New York.

Mahmood, K. and Peters, D. (1973). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 79: 138.

McEwen, F.L. and Schroeder, W.T. (1956). Pl. Dis. Reptr 40: 11.

Osborn, H.T. (1935). Phytopathology 25: 160.

Peters, D. (1982). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 257, 5 pp.

Powell, CA, de Zoeten, GA and Gaard, G. (1977). Virology 78: 135.

Shepherd, R.J. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 25, 4 pp.

Thottappilly, G. (1972). Z. PflKrankh. PflPath. PflSchutz. 79: 686.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References. A description of this taxon in VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 572 by A.J. Cockbain, 1980. Revised 1983.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 257.

Taxonomic Proposals and Changes

A taxonomic proposal has been submitted to the ICTV by the Plant Virus Subcommittee, Study Group for Luteoviridae at the meeting in San Diego, March 1998, to change the position of the taxon. The proposal has been approved at the meeting of the Executive Committee in San Diego, 1998, the taxon has been designated as Type Species (in the genus Enamovirus).

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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