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00.039.0.02.002. Beet mild yellowing virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.039.0.02.002. Beet mild yellowing virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: England; the United Kingdom.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Beta vulgaris.

Natural host and symptoms
Beta ssp. — golden yellowing of older leaves, which become thick and brittle.

Capsella bursa-pastoris — yellowing of older leaves, curling and reddening of leaves.

Stellaria media — yellowing of older leaves.

Lamium amplexicaule — yellowing of older leaves.

Senecio vulgaris, Vernonia sp. — yellowing of older leaves, reddening of some older leaves.

Reference to Isolation Report
Russel (1958).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.039.0.02.002. Virus accession number: 39002002. Obsolete virus code: 39.0.1.0.081; superceded accession number: 39010081.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 156690.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): beet western yellows. ICTV approved acronym: BMYV. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is of the genus 00.039.0.02. Polerovirus in the family 00.039. Luteoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 26 nm. Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Govier (1985).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.42 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 116 S20w. A260/A280 ratio is 1.8. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 65°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 16 days.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is segmented; bipartite, segements are distributed among 2 particle types of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The RNA is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 5722 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number [X83110] Em(44)n:Myvrna Gb(90)n:Myvrna Beet mild yellowing virus genomic RNA. 8/95 5,722bp. Reference to nucleotide sequence Veidt et al. (1988).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to beet western yellows virus, closely.

The virus is considered by some virologists to be a synonym of beet western yellows virus. However, those working closely with the virus consider it to be a distinct pathogen.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are ELISA using polyclonal antiserum to distinguish it from beet yellows virus, with which it is frequently associated in field-grown sugar beet.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass CARYOPHYLLIDAE.

General Symptoms in Plants Symptoms yellowing of older leaves, which become curled, thickened and brittle. Some reddening of older leaves of weed species.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Myzus persicae, M. (Sciamyzus) ascolonicus, M. (Nectarosiphon) certus, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Acyrthosiphon (Aulocorthum) solani, Myzus (Phorodon) humuli, Brachycaudus helichrysi. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Labiatae, Portulacaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae, Violaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Beta macrocarpa, Beta patellaris, Beta vulgaris, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Crambe abyssinica, Cucumis sativus, Gomphrena globosa, Lamium amplexicaule, Montia perfoliata, Physalis floridana, Senecio vulgaris, Sinapis alba, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Vernonia, Viola cornuta, Zinnia elegans.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of yellowing or reddening of older leaves, which also may become thickened and brittle. Curling of leaves. Stunting.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, or Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Atriplex hortensis, Brassica campestris, Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. napus, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Brassica juncea, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Celosia argentea, Celosia cristata, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium foliosum, Chenopodium hybridum, Chenopodium quinoa, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Cucumis melo, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Emilia sagittata, Hyoscyamus niger, Lactuca sativa, Melandrium album, Melilotus albus, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Petunia x hybrida, Pisum sativum, Prunus persica, Raphanus sativus, Solanum nigrum, Sonchus oleraceus, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Trifolium subterraneum, Vicia faba.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Capsella bursa-pastoris and

Spinacia oleracea — yellowing of older leaves, curling and thickening.

Montia perfoliata — reddening of older leaves.

Senecio vulgaris.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Brassica ssp., Lactuca sativa, Nicotiana clevelandii, Pisum sativum, Trifolium incarnatum.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Beta vulgaris, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Montia perfoliata.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Beta vulgaris (W), Capsella bursa-pastoris (W), Montia perfoliata (W).

References to host data: Peters (1988).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in leaves, roots and phloem.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are not present in infected cells.

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in Eurasia.

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Dunning et al. (1988).

References

Govier, D.A. (1985). Ann. appl. Biol. 107: 439.

Peters, D. (1988) In: Virus Yellows Monograph pp. 87-117. IIRB, Rue Montoyer, 47, B-1040, Brussels, Belgium.

Russel, G.E. (1958). Ann. appl. Biol. 46: 393.

Veidt, I., Lot, H., Leiser, M., Scheidecker, D., Guilley, H., Richards, K. and Jonard, G. (1988). Nucl. Acids Res. 16: 9917.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References. A description of this taxon in VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 84 by H.G. Smith, 1991.

Taxonomic Proposals and Changes

A taxonomic proposal has been submitted to the ICTV by the Plant Virus Subcommittee, Study Group for Luteoviridae at the meeting in San Diego, March 1998, to change the position of the taxon. The proposal has been approved at the meeting of the Executive Committee in San Diego, 1998, the taxon has been designated as Species (in the newly created genus Polerovirus).



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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