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00.034.0.01.001. Raspberry bushy dwarf virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.034.0.01.001. Raspberry bushy dwarf virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Isolation date: 1951.
Location: Scotland; the United Kingdom.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Rubus idaeus.

Natural host and symptoms
Rubus idaeus (raspberry) cvs Lloyd George, Canby, Carnival, Creston, Newburgh and Norfolk Giant — symptomless, but may have high proportion of aborted drupelets.

R. loganobaccus (loganberry), R. ursinus (boysenberry), R. occidentalis (black raspberry) cvs Munger, New Logan and Plum Farmer — symptoms uncertain. This is desirable because, although the virus causes mild symptoms, it may affect fruit quality, especially in mixed infections.

Reference to Isolation Report
Cadman (1961).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.034.0.01.001. Virus accession number: 34001001. Obsolete virus code: 34.0.1.0.001; superceded accession number: 34010001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12451.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): loganberry degeneration virus (Barnett and Murant, 1970; Legg, 1960), raspberry yellows virus (Cadman, 1952; Jones et al., 1982), possibly raspberry line-pattern virus (Basak, 1971; Jones and Murant, 1972). ICTV approved acronym: RBDV. Virus is the type of the genus 00.034.0.01. Idaeovirus; not assigned to a family.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 33 nm. Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virions disrupt in PTA but not in UA or UF (Barnett and Murant, 1970). Reference for electron microscopic methods: Murant (1976).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.37 g cm-3 (fixed in formaldehyde). There are 2-3 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations (in a rather broad zone). The sedimentation coefficient is 115 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 65°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 4 days (at 20°C). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 4 (an isolate from Rubus occidentalis had a dilution end-point of only 10-2 in Chenopodium quinoa sap and lost infectivity after 2-3 hours at room temperature; Jones and Murant, 1972a; Murant and Jones, 1976).

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 24% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented; bipartite, segements are distributed among 2 particle types, or multipartite and segments are distributed over several particles of varying size, depending on the length of the genome enclosed. The genome consists of three segments of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain a subgenomic mRNA, that is subgenomic RNA-3, derived from genomic RNA-2. The complete genome is 8600 nucleotides long. The RNA-1 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 5400 nucleotides long (RNA-1). Sequenced genome has the accession number(s) [S55890];
[D01052] Em(40)_vi:RUDMRCP Gb(84)_vi:RUDMRCP Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) mRNA for coat protein. 11/92 946bp.

RNA-2 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 2200 nucleotides long and has the accession number
[S51557]. RNA-3 is sequenced, but only an estimate is given, complete sequence is 1000 nucleotides long. The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 76% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins. Virions consist of probably 1 structural protein(s) located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Murant (1975).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells; encoding the coat protein.

Replication cycle Features: the genome has RNA-1 has one ORF, that encodes a protein of Mr 188000, and is probably a polymerase. RNA-2 has 2 ORFs, one encodes a protein of Mr 39000, that is probably a movement protein, the other the coat protein.

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to twenty-four isometric viruses, including seven ilarviruses (Barnett and Murant, 1970).

Earlier reports (Cadman, 1963; 1970) that raspberry bushy dwarf virus is related to apple chlorotic leaf spot virus have not been confirmed (Murant, 1976).

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) is one of several viruses isolated from Lloyd George raspberry with 'bushy dwarf' (Cadman and Harris, 1951) or 'symptomless decline' (Cadman, 1952). Plants infected with RBDV alone produce few, stunted canes and are late fruiting (Barnett and Murant, 1970), but so do plants infected with mixtures of RBDV and aphid-borne black raspberry necrosis virus (Jones, 1976). RBDV is readily distinguished from most nepoviruses from Rubus, except strawberry latent ringspot virus, by the symptoms it induces in Chenopodium quinoa; and their virions differ. The symptoms caused in C. quinoa also distinguish it from black raspberry necrosis virus (Jones and Murant, 1972b, which is transmitted by sap inoculation with difficulty, has isometric virions, but occurs in very small concentrations in sap. The black raspberry latent strain of tobacco streak virus (Lister and Converse, 1972) has virions like those of RBDV and is transmitted by pollen but causes severe systemic necrosis in C. quinoa and Phaseolus vulgaris.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ROSIDAE.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Infection is not apparent.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector (none of the insects common on raspberry in Scotland transmitted the virus (Cadman, 1970)). Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by seeds (up to 77%; Cadman, 1965; Converse, 1973; Murant et al., 1974, possibly transmitted by pollen to the pollinated plant, or transmitted by pollen to the seed.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Fragaria vesca, Nicotiana clevelandii, Phaseolus vulgaris, Rubus idaeus, Rubus loganobaccus, Rubus occidentalis, Rubus ursinus.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Chenopodium amaranticolor — transient chlorotic local lesions, systemic chlorotic rings and line patterns.

Chenopodium murale — sunken necrotic rings; not systemic.

Chenopodium quinoa — transient local lesions, systemic chlorotic spots and then mosaic and ring patterns.

Phaseolus vulgaris cv. The Prince — small brown local lesions in winter; no systemic infection.

Nicotiana clevelandii — infected systemically without symptoms.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Chenopodium quinoa.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Phaseolus vulgaris cv. The Prince (L), Chenopodium murale (L).

References to host data: Barnett and Murant, 1970; 1971.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide (and probably occurs wherever susceptible Rubus cultivars are grown). The virus spreads in Eurasia and North America. The virus occurs in Australia, New Zealand (Aotearoa), and the USSR (former).

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Murant et al. (1974) and Converse (1973). The virus may be eliminated from stocks of Rubus idaeus (Murant et al., 1974) and from R. occidentalis (Converse, 1973) by heat therapy. Immune cultivars are not infected via pollen.

References

Barnett, O.W. and Murant, AF (1970). Ann. appl. Biol. 65: 435.

Basak, W. (1971). Bull. Acad. Polmarse Sci., Serie sci. biol. C.I.V. 19: 681.

Cadman, CH (1952). Ann. appl. Biol. 39: 495.

Cadman, CH (1961). Hort. Res. 1: 47.

Cadman, CH (1963). Pl. Dis. Reptr 47: 459.

Cadman, CH (1965). Pl. Dis. Reptr 49: 230.

Cadman, CH (1970). In: Virus Diseases of Small Fruit and Grapevines, p. 149. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Cadman, CH and Harris, RV (1951). Rep. E. Malling Res. Stn. 1950, p.127.

Converse, RH (1973). Phytopathology 63: 780.

Jones, AT (1976). Rep. Scottish Hort. Res. Inst. 1975, p. 73.

Jones, AT and Murant, AF (1972a). Rep. Scottish Hort. Res. Inst. 1971, p. 60.

Jones, AT and Murant, AF (1972b). Pl. Path. 21: 166.

Jones, AT, Murant, AF, Jennings, DL and Wood, GA (1982). Ann. appl. Biol. 100: 135.

Legg, JT (1960). Rep. E. Malling Res. Stn. 1959, 102.

Lister, RM and Converse, RH (1972). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No.166, 4 pp.

Mayo, MA, Jolly, CA, Muran, AF and Raschke, J.H. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 469.

Murant, AF (1976). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 165, 4 pp.

Murant, AF (1987). In: Virus Diseases of Small Fruits, U.S. Dep. Agric Hdbk No. 631, p. 229.

Murant, AF, Chambers, J. and Jones, AT (1974). Ann. appl. Biol. 77: 271.

Murant, AF and Jones, AT (1976). Acta Hort. 66: 47.

Murant, AF, Mayo, MA and Raschke, J.H. (1986). Acta Hort. 186: 23.

Natsuaki, T., Mayo, MA, Jolly, CA and Murant, AF (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 2183.

Ziegler, A, Natsuaki, T., Mayo, MA, Jolly, CA and Murant, AF (1992). J. gen. Virol. 73: 3213.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 667 by C. Büchen-Osmond and A.F. Murant, 1987.
A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 360.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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