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00.032.0.01.001. Barley stripe mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.032.0.01.001. Barley stripe mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the U.S.A.; the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Hordeum vulgare and Triticum aestivum.

Natural host and symptoms
Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum — mild stripe mosaic to lethal necrosis.

Reference to Isolation Report
McKinney (1951).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.032.0.01.001. Virus accession number: 32001001. Obsolete virus code: 32.0.1.0.001; superceded accession number: 32010001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12327.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): barley false stripe virus, possibly barley yellow stripe virus, barley mild stripe virus, oat stripe mosaic virus. ICTV approved acronym: BSMV. Virus is the type species of the genus 00.032.0.01. Hordeivirus; not assigned to a family.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component. The capsid is rod-shaped, straight; is longitudinally striated; with a clear modal length with a length of 148 nm (B, 126 nm (M, 109 nm (T, width of 18-24 nm (Gold et al., 1954; Harrison et al., 1965). Axial canal is distinct; 3-4 nm in diameter (Gibbs et al., 1963; Harrison et al., 1965; Finch, 1966). Basic helix is obvious. Pitch of helix is 2.5-2.6 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Reference for electron microscopic methods: Novikov (1970).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 3 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is of the fastest 199 S20w; of the other(s) are 166-194 S20w (Brakke and Palomar, 1976; Harrison et al., 1965). Isoelectric point pH is 4.5. A260/A280 ratio is 0.99 (corrected). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 60-68°C (McKinney, 1951; Kassanis and Slykhuis, 1959). The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 15-22 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2-4.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 3.8-4% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented; multipartite and segments are distributed over several particles of varying size, depending on the length of the genome enclosed. The genome consists of three segments (RNA-a, RNA-b and RNA-g are separately encapsidated), or four segments (in the Argentine mild strain; the fourth RNA arises from a deletion in RNA) of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA, that is mRNA (of 1.830 and 0.788 kb). Virions may also contain defective RNA species arising from a deletion of full-length genomic RNA. The complete genome is 10289 nucleotides long. The RNA is partially sequenced, sequenced region is 3768 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number
[J04342] Em(40)_vi:HOMBSARN Gb(84)_vi:MBSARNA Barley stripe mosaic virus alpha RNA, complete cds. 11/89 3, 768bp.
[M11509] Em(40)_vi:HOBSMG1 Gb(84)_vi:MBSRNAGSA Barley stripe mosaic virus (ND18) gamma-subgenomic RNA, 3' end. 4/90 156bp.
[M11510] Em(40)_vi:HOBSMG2 Gb(84)_vi:MBSRNAGSB Barley stripe mosaic virus (Type) gamma-subgenomic RNA, 3' end. 4/90 159bp.
[M11511] Em(40)_vi:HOBSMG3 Gb(84)_vi:MBSRNAG Barley stripe mosaic virus gamma-RNA, 3' end. 4/90 92bp.
[M16576] Em(40)_vi:HOMBS Gb(84)_vi:MBSRNAGT Barley stripe mosaic virus (Type) RNA-gamma segment. 7/89 3,164bp.
[M16577] Em(40)_vi:HOMBSRNA Gb(84)_vi:MBSRNAGND Barley stripe mosaic virus (ND18) RNA-gamma segment. 7/89 2,791bp.
[M28702] Em(40)_sy:CVRVPS Gb(84)_sy:SYNBSMRVPS Barley stripe mosaic virus, 3' end/E. coli T7 promoter recombinant DNA. 2/90 54bp
[M38631] Em(40)_vi:MBSRNAL Gb(84)_vi:MBSRNAL Barley stripe mosaic virus 5' leader sequence of RNA. 5/94 91bp.
[M38632] Em(44)n:Bsrnao Gb(90)n:Mbsrnao Barley stripe mosaic virus (type strain) genomic RNA-gamma, 5' leader. 8/95 91bp.
[M38633] Em(40)_vi:MBSRNAN Gb(84)_vi:MBSRNAN Barley stripe mosaic virus 5' leader sequence of RNA, CV17. 5/94 88bp.
[M59831] Em(40)_vi:MBSRNAM Gb(84)_vi:MBSRNAM Barley stripe mosaic virus 5' leader sequence of RNA. 5/94 91bp.
[U05346] Em(40)_vi:BS05346 Gb(84)_vi:BSU05346 Barley stripe mosaic virus ND18 alpha protein gene, partial cds. 3/94 823bp
[U05347] Em(40)_vi:BS05347 Gb(84)_vi:BSU05347 Barley stripe mosaic virus CV42 RNA-alpha segment alpha protein gene, complete cds. 3/94 3,78
[U13916] Gb(84)n:BSU13916 Barley stripe mosaic virus CV17 RNA gamma segment, complete sequence. 10/94 3,164bp.
[U13917] Gb(84)n:BSU13917 Barley stripe mosaic virus ND18 RNA gamma segment, complete sequence. 10/94 2,790bp.
[U13918] Gb(84)n:BSU13918 Barley stripe mosaic virus Type RNA gamma segment, complete sequence. 10/94 3,168bp.
[X01025] Em(40)_vi:HOBSMVRN Gb(84)_vi:HOBSMVRN Barley stripe mosaic virus RNA2 3'-terminal non coding region. 7/89 238bp.
[X03854] Em(40)_vi:HOBMSVRB Gb(84)_vi:HOBMSVRB Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV, Type strain) genomic RNA beta. 9/93 3,289bp.
[X05214] Em(40)_pl:ZMBS1TRA Gb(84)_pl:ZMBS1TRA Maize transposon Bs1 terminal repeat in Adh1 gene following barley stripe mosaic virus infect
[X52774] Em(40)_vi:BSMVRNA3 Gb(84)_vi:BSMVRNA3 Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) third genomic component RNA 3. 5/93 3,164bp.
[X52775] Em(40)_vi:BSMVRNA1 Gb(84)_vi:BSMVRNA1 Barley stripe mosaic virus 3' region of the first genomic component RNA1. 5/93 872bp. 20 sequences. Sequence is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 3289 nucleotides long.   Is sequenced, but only an estimate is given, complete sequence is 3164 nucleotides long (or smaller depending on the strain. The Agentine strain has another RNA component of 2.5 kb). The genome has a base ratio of 20.3-23.5 % guanine; 27-30.9 % adenine; 19.4-21.5 % cytosine; 28-29.4 % uracil (Atabekov and Novikov, 1971). The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap (at each RNA species, cap sequence type is m7G5pppGUA. The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract (at each RNA species of 8-40 nucleotides length). The 3'-terminus has a tRNA-like structure (at each RNA species of 236-238 nucleotides which accepts tyrosine). The genome has an intergenic poly (A) region at of variable lengths and between the coding region and the 3' tRNA-like structure in each genomic RNA. The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle and the segments are distributed between 2 different types of particles, or 4 different types of particles. Reference to nucleotide sequence Gustafson and Armour (1986, Lane (1974).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 96% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Atabekov et al. (1968, Gumpf and Hamilton (1968).

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Gustafson and Armour (1986, Atabekov et al. (1968, Gumpf and Hamilton (1968).

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been identified by sequence analysis (Gustafson and Armour (1986)) and at least 3 non-structural protein(s) are found.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Replication cycle Features: the genome has RNA-a has one ORF that encodes the 130 kDa (? replicase, RNA-b encodes the 22 kDa (coat protein) and the 60, 17 and 14 kDa (movement proteins, RNA-g has 2 ORFs and encodes the 87 kDa (? polymerase) and 17 kDa (regulator of the translation of RNA-b genes.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to lychnis ringspot virus, but distantly (Gibbs et al., 1963).

The genomic RNA do not hybridize with those of lychnis ringspot and poa semilatent viruses.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by seeds (up to 90-100%, transmitted by pollen to the pollinated plant.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Anthoxanthum aristatum, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avena sativa, Beta vulgaris, Bromus secalinus, Bromus tectorum, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Dactylis glomerata, Echinochloa crus-galli, Elytrigia intermedia, Eragrostis cilianensis, Festuca pratensis, Hordeum vulgare, Lagurus ovatus, Lolium multiflorum, Lolium perenne, Lolium persicum, Lolium temulentum, Lophopyrum elongatum, Nicotiana tabacum, Oryza sativa, Oryzopsis miliacea, Panicum capillare, Panicum miliaceum, Phalaris arundinacea, Phalaris paradoxa, Phleum arenarium, Phleum pratense, Poa annua, Poa pratensis, Secale cereale, Setaria italica, Setaria macrostachya, Setaria viridis, Sorghum bicolor, Spinacia oleracea, Triticum aestivum, Triticum durum, Zea mays.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of stripe mosaic in monocotyledonous species, and chlorotic local lesions in dicotyledonous species.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Avena sativa — systemic stripe mosaic.

Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, C. album — large chlorotic local lesions; not systemic.

Beta vulgaris — chlorotic local lesions; not systemic.

Zea mays — systemic stripe mosaic.

Spinacia oleracea — systemic mosaic.

Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun — local chlorotic lesions; not systemic.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium amaranticolor (L, Chenopodium quinoa (L).

References to host data: Nitzany and Gerechter (1962, Ohmann-Kreutzberg (1962, McKinney and Greeley (1965, Kirstensen and Engsbro (1970, Novikov and Atabekov (1970, Polak and Slykhuis (1972).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm and nucleus.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are not present in infected cells. Other cellular changes include peripheral vesicles in chloroplasts (Carroll, 1970).

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide. The virus spreads in Eurasia, North America, and Australasia and Pacific Islands. The virus occurs in Australia, China, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and the USSR (former).

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by McKinney (1953, Gold et al. (1954, Gardner (1967, Sprague et al. (1963, McNeal et al. (1976, Sandfaer (1971).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Type strain, Russian, Norwich (ND 18), Canadian severe, Argentine mild (AM), Rothamsted (R).

References

Atabekov, JG and Novikov, VK (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 68, 4 pp.

Atabekov, JG and Novikov, VK (1989). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 344, 6 pp.

Atabekov, JG, Novikov, VK, Kiselev, N.A., Kaftanova, AS. and Egporov, AM. (1968). Virology 36: 620.

Brakke, M.K. and Palomar, M.K. (1976). Virology 71: 255.

Carroll, TW (1970). Virology 42: 1015.

Carroll, TW (1986). In: The Plant Viruses. Vol. 2, The Rod-Shaped Plant Viruses, p. 273; eds M.H.V. van Regenmortel and H. Fraenkel-Conrat Plenum Press, New York.

Edwards, M.C., Petty, I.T.D. and Jackson, AO (1992). Virology 189: 389.

Finch, JT (1966). Nature, Lond. 212: 349.

Gibbs, AJ., Kassanis, B., Nixon, H.L. and Woods, R.D. (1963). Virology 20: 194.

Gold, AH., Suneson, CA Houston, B.R. and Oswald, J.W. (1954). Phytopathology 44: 115.

Gumpf, D.J., Cunningham, D.S., Heick, J.A. and Shannon, LM (1977). Virology 78: 328.

Gumpf, D.J. and Hamilton, RI (1968). Virology 35: 87.

Gustafson, G. and Armour, S.L. (1986). Nucl. Acids Res. 14: 3895.

Harrison, BD , Nixon, H.L. and Woods, R.D. (1965). Virology 26: 284.

Jackson, AO and Lane, LC (1981). In: Handbook of Plant Virus Infections and Comparative Diagnosis, Hordeiviruses, p. 565; ed. E. Kurstak. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.

Jackson, AO, Hunter, BG and Gustafson, GD (1989). Ann. Rev. Phytopath. 27: 95.

Jackson, AO, Petty, I.T.D., Jones, R.W., Edwards, M.C. and French, R. (1991). Semin. Virol. 2: 107.

Jackson, AO, Petty, I.T.D., Jones, R.W., Edwards, M.C. and French, R. (1991). Can. J. Pl. Path. 13: 163.

Kassanis, B. and Slykhuis, JT (1959). Ann. appl. Biol. 47: 254.

Kirsten, H.R. and Engsbro, B. (1970). Tidsskr. PlAvl. 74: 326.

Kiselev, N.A., Atabekov, JG, Kaftanova, AS. and Novikov, VK (1966). Biokhimiya 31: 670.

McKinney, HH (1951). Phytopathology 41: 563.

McKinney, HH (1953). Pl. Dis. Reptr 37: 292.

McKinney, H.H and Greeley, L.W. (1953). Tech. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 1324: 84 pp.

McNeal, F.H., Berg, MA and Carroll, TW (1976). Pl. Dis. Reptr 60: 730.

Na-Sheng, L. and Langenberg, WG (1985). Virology 142: 291.

Nitzany, FE and Gerechter, EK (1962). Phytopathol. Medit. 2: 11.

Novikov, VK (1970). Ph.D. Thesis, Moscow State University, USSR.

Novikov, VK and Atabekov, JG (1970). Virology 41: 101.

Ohmann-Kreutzberg, G. (1962). Phytopath. Z. 47: 1.

Partridge, JE, Shannon, LM and Gumpf, D.J. (1976). Biochim. biophys. Acta 451: 470.

Partridge, JE, Shannon, LM and Gumpf, D.J. and Colbaugh, P. (1974). Nature, Lond 247: 491.

Petty, I.T.D. and Jackson, AO (1990). Virology 179: 712.

Petty, I.T.D., Edwards, M.C. and Jackson, AO (1990). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 8894.

Petty, I.T.D., French, R., Jones, R.W. and Jackson, AO (1990). EMBO J. 9: 33453.

Polak, Z. and Slykhuis, JT (1972). Can. J. Bot. 50: 263.

Sandfaer, J. (1971). Danish AE.C. Risol. Rep. 230.

Sprague, G.F., McKinney, HH and Greeley, L.W. (1963). Science, N.Y. 141: 1052.

Veerisetty, V. (1978). Virology 84: 523.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 61 by C. Büchen-Osmond, 1987.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 68.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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