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00.029.0.02.001. Beet curly top virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.029.0.02.001. Beet curly top virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Western U.S.A; the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Beta vulgaris.

Natural host and symptoms
Spinacia oleracea, Cucurbitaceae, Phaseolus vulgaris, Linum ssp., Capsicum ssp., Lycopersicon esculentum, Solanum tuberosum, and many other species — vein-clearing, swelling and malformation in young leaves; rigid, dwarfed, yellowed, twisted and malformed leaves; axillary buds stimulated, phloem necrosis, exudation of fluid from phloem; death of plant. Some hosts symptomless.

Beta vulgaris — leaf rolling, vein clearing, leaves become dark, dull green in colour, thick crisp and brittle. Comments on host and host range: no monocotyledonous species found to be susceptible.

Reference to Isolation Report
Ball (1909).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.029.0.02.001. Virus accession number: 29002001. Obsolete virus code: 29.0.2.0.001; superceded accession number: 29020001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 10840.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): sugarbeet curly top virus, sugarbeet curly-leaf virus, tomato yellows virus, western yellow blight virus. ICTV approved acronym: BCTV. Virus is the type species. Virus is of the genus 00.029.0.02. Curtovirus in the family 00.029. Geminiviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of an unenveloped capsid. Capsid is elongated, geminate and exhibits icosahedral symmetry. Capsids have a diameter of 18 nm and a length of 30 nm. The capsid consists of 22 capsomers.






















Electron micrograph of Geminiviridae by R.G. Milne, Istituto di Virologia, CRN, Torino, Italy.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains in crude leaf sap few virions or many particles in purified preparations. Larsen and Duffus (1984) report an average of 500 μ/kg of tissue and as high as 2.8mg/kg. In electron micrographs of purified virus extracts trimer particles are found in low concentrations among the monomer and dimer particles.

Reference for electron microscopic methods: Mink and Thomas (1974, Mumford (1974; 1977); Larsen and Duffus (1984).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations, or 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 82 S20w (for single virions, of the other(s) are 86 S20w, or 55 S20w (Egbert et al. 1976). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 80°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 8 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of circular, ambisense, single-stranded DNA that forms a closed circle. The complete genome is 2993 nucleotides long. The DNA is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 2800 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number
[M24597] Gb(84)_vi:BCTCG028A Beet curly top virus (clone pBCT028) DNA, complete genome. 9/89 2,994bp.
[M74562] Em(40)_vi:BCTSTLPA Gb(84)_vi:BCTSTLPA Beet curly top virus stem loop. 1/92 58bp.
[M74563] Em(40)_vi:BCTSTLPB Gb(84)_vi:BCTSTLPB Beet curly top virus stem loop. 1/92 60bp.
[U02311] Em(40)_vi:BCU02311 Gb(84)_vi:BCU02311 Beet curly top virus CFH complete genome. 1/94 2,927bp
[X04144] Em(40)_vi:GEBCTV Gb(84)_vi:GEBCTV Beet curly top virus (BCTV) virion DNA. 7/89 2,993bp.
[S72015] Gb(89)_un:S72015 orf L1 (intergenic region) (beet curly top virus BCTV, Worland, Genomic, 106 nt). 12/94 106bp.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass CARYOPHYLLIDAE; Order Caryophyllales.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is not transmitted by mechanical inoculation (unless special procedures used, transmitted by grafting (by dodder from plants that are not hosts of the vector, not transmitted by seeds.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Cicadellidae; Circulifer tenellus in N. America, C. tenellus, C. opacipennis in Mediterranean Basin. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Linaceae, Malvaceae, Papaveraceae, Phytolaccaceae, Polemoniaceae, Polygonaceae, Solanaceae, Tropaeolaceae (1 /1), Umbelliferae, Violaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Abelmoschus esculentus, Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Apium graveolens, Atriplex hortensis, Bellis perennis, Beta macrocarpa, Beta patellaris, Beta vulgaris, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Calendula officinalis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Capsicum frutescens, Catharanthus roseus, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium murale, Cicer arietinum, Citrullus lanatus, Coriandrum sativum, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo, or Cucurbitaceae, Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Euphorbia marginata, Fagopyrum esculentum, Gomphrena globosa, Gossypium hirsutum, Ipomoea setosa, Lactuca sativa, Lathyrus odoratus, Linum usitatissimum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Matthiola incana, Medicago hispida, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Papaver nudicaule, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phlox drummondii, Physalis floridana, Physalis peruviana, Phytolacca americana, Pisum sativum, Raphanus sativus, Ricinus communis, Salvia splendens, Senecio vulgaris, Solanum demissum, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Tropaeolum majus, Vicia faba, Vicia sativa, Vicia villosa, Vigna angularis, Vigna unguiculata, Viola cornuta, Zinnia elegans.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Compositae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Celosia argentea, Datura stramonium, Lycopersicon esculentum, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Phaseolus lunatus, Solanum tuberosum, Sonchus oleraceus.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Beta vulgaris — vein-clearing and upward and inward rolling of leaves. Vein swelling and galling to give rough abaxial leaf surface. Phloem exudate on petioles and large leaf veins, phloem necrosis in roots.

Cucumis sativus — seedlings killed. Older plants stunted and malformed, leaves rolled upward.

Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Bountiful — first trifoliate leaf epinastic. Buds of survivors proliferate, leaflets brittle, curled and crinkled.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Beta vulgaris for maintenance cultures. Phaseolus vulgaris cvs Romano, Bountiful, and Nicotiana tabacum cv. Turkish for propagation.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
no local-lesion host. Beta vulgaris (W).

References to host data: Bennet (1971).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in phloem. Virions are found in the nucleus.

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in Africa, Eurasia, the Mediterranean, North America, and South and Central Americas (in the arid and semi-arid regions of the west). The virus occurs in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Egypt, India, Iran, Italy, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Spain, Turkey, the United States of America, and Uruguay.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Tomato yellows virus. Many stable strains described (Thomas and Mink, 1979).

References

Ball, E.D. (1909). Bull. Bur. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric. 66: 33.

Bennett, CW (1971). Monogr. Am. Phytopath. Soc. No. 7: 81.

Larsen, R.C. and Duffus, J.E. (1984) A simplified procedure for the purification of curly top virus and the isolation of its monomer and dimer particles. Phytopathology 74: 114-118.

Mink, G.I. and Thomas, P.E. (1974). Phytopathology 64: 140.

Mumford, DL (1974). Phytopathology 64: 136.

Mumford, DL (1977). Phytopathology 67: 949.

Stanley, J., Markham, P.G., Callis, R.J. and Pinner, M.S. (1986). EMBO J. 5: 1761.

Thomas, P.E. and Mink, G.I. (1979). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 210, 6 pp.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 81 by K. Boswell, 1985. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 210; at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln.

Images

Taxon images: • BCTV_symptoms.jpg. • BCTV_epinasty.jpg.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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