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00.027.0.01. Furovirus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.027.0.01. Furovirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the genus level (not yet assigned to a family) with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.027.0.01. Virus accession number: 027001GE. Obsolete virus code: 27.0.1.; superceded accession number: 27010000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12291.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus group. Virus is not assigned to a family.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component. The capsid is rod-shaped, straight (and fragile, has a herring-bone pattern with a clear modal length, or a clear modal length, or clear predominate lengths with a length of 65-236.7-532 nm; 250-300 nm; 92-160 nm and a width of 18-20.16-25 nm. Axial canal is distinct, or indistinct; 4.5 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious, or obscure. Pitch of helix is 2.6-2.712-2.9 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions, or many virions.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.32-1.32-1.321 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations, or 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations, or 3 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations, or 4 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations, or 5 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations, or 6 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations, or 8 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 155-206.8-236 S20w; of the other(s) are 15-150.3-183 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 3.4-5-6.45. A260/A280 ratio is 1.2. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 45-61.83-80°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 1-531-4000 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 1, or 2-3, or 4, or 5. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 4-4.75-5% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented; multipartite and segments are distributed over several particles of varying size, depending on the length of the genome enclosed; consists of two segments of, or four segments of, or five segments of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions, or not found in virions. The complete genome is 9400-10800-13500 nucleotides long. The RNA-1 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 5900-7342 nucleotides long. RNA-2 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 3000-3916-5300 nucleotides long. RNA-3 is sequenced, but only an estimate is given, complete sequence is 2100-2400 nucleotides long. RNA-4 has been sequenced, but only an estimate is presented, complete sequence is 1450 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 24-24.25-24.5 % guanine; 26-27-28 % adenine; 15-17.5-20 % cytosine; 27.5-30.75-34 % uracil. The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap. The 3'-terminus has no poly (A) tract. The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle and the segments are distributed between 3 different types of particles. The largest particles contain RNA-1. The medium sized particles contain RNA-2. The smallest particles contain deletion mutants in the shortest particles.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 95-95.25-96% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been identified by sequence analysis and 7 non-structural protein(s) are found.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is infectious.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells. The genome expression is based on RNA production which can be analyzed by the dsRNA patterns found in the infected tissues. Usually there are 3-3.5-4 virus specified dsRNA species found in infected cells. Size of largest virus specified dsRNA 4.1 kbp. 2nd largest 1.95 kbp. 3rd largest 1.68 kbp.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae)
Subclass COMMELINIDAE; Order Poales.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist, or vary seasonally.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector, or not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between hosts, or not transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds, or not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by fungi; of the order Plasmodiophorales.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families, few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Characeae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Portulacaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Antirrhinum majus, Arachis hypogaea, Atriplex hortensis, Avena sativa, Beta macrocarpa, Beta patellaris, Beta vulgaris, Bromus commutatus, Bromus tectorum, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, Celosia argentea, Chara australis, or Chenopodiaceae, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium foliosum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Datura ferox, Datura stramonium, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Hordeum vulgare, Hyoscyamus niger, Hypochoeris radiata, Lathyrus odoratus, Leontodon autumnalis, Lycopersicon esculentum, Melilotus albus, Montia perfoliata, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana velutina, Nicotiana x edwardsonii, Oryza sativa, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis floridana, Physalis peruviana, Pisum sativum, Secale cereale, Setaria italica, or Solanaceae, Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, Sorghum arundinaceum, Sorghum bicolor, Spinacia oleracea, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Torenia fournieri, Triticum aestivum, Vicia faba, Vigna mungo, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis , Zea mays.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Campanulaceae, or Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, or Cucurbitaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Pedaliaceae, Portulacaceae, Primulaceae, or Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Antirrhinum majus, Arachis hypogaea, Astragalus sinicus, Avena byzantina, Avena sativa, Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. napus, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Bromus inermis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Capsicum annuum, Cassia tora, Celosia argentea, Celosia cristata, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium quinoa, Citrullus lanatus, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Elytrigia repens, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Gypsophila elegans, Hordeum vulgare, Lactuca sativa, Lathyrus odoratus, Lobelia erinus, Lycium barbarum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Montia perfoliata, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Oryza sativa, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis floridana, Pisum sativum, Primula malacoides, Raphanus sativus, Secale cereale, Senecio vulgaris, Sesamum indicum, Solanum dulcamara, Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, Spinacia oleracea, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Torenia fournieri, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Trifolium subterraneum, Triticum aestivum, Verbesina encelioides, Vicia faba, Vicia sativa, Vicia villosa, Vigna angularis, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis , Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.

Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm, or cell vacuole.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells, or not present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are crystals, or amorphous X-bodies, or membranous bodies, or viroplasma. Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide. The virus spreads in East Asia, or Eurasia, or the Mediterranean, or North America, or South and Central Americas. The virus occurs in Australia, or Austria, or Belgium, or Bulgaria, or Burkina Faso, or Canada, or China, or Cote d'Ivoire, or Czechoslovakia (former), or France, or Germany, or Greece, or Hungary, or India, or Israel, or Italy, or Japan, or Mongolia, or the Netherlands, or Poland, or Romania, or Senegal, or Saint Vincent and Grenadines, or Switzerland, or Turkey, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of America, or the USSR (former), or Yugoslavia.

Taxonomic Structure of the Genus

Type species 00.027.0.01.001. Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus .

Species in the Genus

List of Species in the Genus.

Tentative Species in the Genus

Tentative Species in the Genus.

Data Sources and Contributions

The description has been compiled from data in the ICTV Report presented by Brunt AA.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

Taxonomic Proposals and Changes

Nicotiana velutina mosaic virus, previously included as a tentative species of the genus, also has a bipartite genome (8 kb and 3 kb, the sizes of its two RNAs, however, differ from those of furoviruses, and it is now probably best excluded from the genus.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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