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00.027.0.01.001. Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.027.0.01.001. Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Triticum aestivum.

Natural hosts and symptoms Triticum aestivum (winter wheat) and Hordeum vulgare — light green to yellow leaf mosaic, roots stunted, severe rosetting and tillering of susceptible cultivars (Brakke, 1971).

Reference to Isolation Report
McKinney (1923).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.027.0.01.001. Virus accession number: 27001001. Obsolete virus code: 27.0.1.0.005; superceded accession number: 27010001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 28375.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): wheat viruses 1 and 2, soil-borne wheat green mosaic virus, Wheat soil-borne mosaic virus; wheat mosaic virus. ICTV approved acronym: SBWMV. Virus is the type species of the genus 00.027.0.01. Furovirus; not assigned to a family.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component. The capsid is rod-shaped, straight (and fragile, has a herring-bone pattern with clear predominate lengths with a length of 82-110 nm (T), or 138-160 nm (M), or 280-300 nm (B, 92-160 nm and a width of about 20 nm. Axial canal is distinct. Pitch of helix is 2.6 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Gumpf (1971).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations, or 3 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 212 S20w (of the fastest, of the other(s) are 173 S20w. A260/A280 ratio is 1.2. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 60-65°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 4000 days (at least, in dried leaves). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2-3.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 5% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented; bipartite, segements are distributed among 2 particle types (Shirako and Brakke, 1984) of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA. Virions may also contain defective RNA species arising from a deletion of full-length genomic RNA. The complete genome is 10400-10700 nucleotides long. The RNA-1 is fully sequenced. Complete sequence is 6900-7100 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number
[L07937]Em(40)_vi:WMORNA1A Gb(84)_vi:WMORNA1A Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) complete RNA 1 segment: 150 kDa protein, 209 kDa readth
[X89078] Em(44)n:Sbwmvcoat Gb(90)_vi:Sbwmvcoat Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus gene for coat protein. 6/95 666bp.

RNA-2 is fully sequenced. Complete sequence is 3500-3600 nucleotides long and has the accession number
[L07938] Em(40)_vi:WMORNA2A Gb(84)_vi:WMORNA2A Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) complete RNA 2 segment: 84 kDa readthrough protein, 19
[X81639] Gb(84)n:SBWMV19K Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus genomic RNA2. 9/94 3,592bp. The 3'-terminus has no poly (A) tract. The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle and the segments are distributed between 2 different types of particles. The largest particles contain RNA-1. The medium sized particles contain RNA-2.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 95% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to tobacco mosaic virus (Brunt and Shikata, 1986).

Isolates vary greatly in virion lengths, those from Japan are serologically related to those from the U.S.A., but infect Nicotiana tabacum and Zea mays.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae)
Subclass COMMELINIDAE; Order Poales;
Family Poaceae. Virus found in Triticum aestivum.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms vary seasonally (brightest in spring).

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seeds.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by fungi; of the order Plasmodiophorales (Brakke, 1971, Polymyxa graminis; Estes and Brakke (1966).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Bromus commutatus, Bromus tectorum, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Hordeum vulgare, Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Cucurbitaceae, Gramineae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Avena byzantina, Avena sativa, Bromus inermis, Cucumis sativus, Elytrigia repens, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Zea mays.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Triticum aestivum and other Triticum ssp. — mosaic and rosetting.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Elytrigia repens, Avena sativa, Bromus inermis, Cucumis sativus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Zea mays.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are

Triticum aestivum cv. Michigan Amber and others.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), C. quinoa (L), Triticum aestivum (W).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in roots and, occasionally, leaves.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are crystals and amorphous X-bodies.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in China, Italy, Japan, and the United States of America (Cai et al. (1983, Canova (1966, Putnam et al. (1994, Saito et al. (1964)).

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Himmel et al. (1991). When the virus is transmitted to plants of resistant cultivars by growing them in infested soil, their roots are as susceptible as those of other cultivars, but the virus does not spread systemically (Myers et al. 1993).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Green mosaic, yellow mosaic and rosette strains.

References

Brakke, M.K. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 77. 4 pp.

Brunt, A.A. and Richards, K.E. (1989). Adv. Virus Res. 36: 1.

Brunt, AA and Shikata, E. (1986). In: The Plant Viruses, No. 2 The Rod-Shaped Plant Viruses eds M.H.V. van Regenmortel and H. Fraenkel-Conrat, p. 305, Plenum Press, New York.

Cai, W., Peng, X. and Mang, K. (1983). Acta Phytopathol. Sin. 13: 7.

Canova, A (1966). Phytopathol. Medit. 5: 53.

Gumpf, D.J. (1971). Virology 43: 586.

Himmel, P.T., Hewings, AD. and Glawe, D.A. (1991). Plant Dis. 75: 1008.

McKinney, HH (1923). J. Agric. Res. 23: 771.

Myers, L.D., Sherwood, J.L., Siegerist, W.C. and Hunger, RM (1993). Phytopathology 83: 548.

Putnam, M.L., Carroll, TW and French, R. (1994). Plant Dis. 78: 102.

Saito, Y., Takanashi, K., Iwata, Y. and Okamoto, H. (1964). Bull. Natl. Inst. Agric. Sci., Tokyo, Ser. C 1964: 1711.

Shirako, Y. and Brakke, M.K. (1984). J. gen. Virol. 65: 119.

Shirako, Y. and Wilson, T.MA (1992). Virology 195: 16.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 886 by A.J. Gibbs, 1995.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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