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00.018.0.01. Comovirus
Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006).
00.018.0.01. Comovirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database,
version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA
Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/
This is a description of a
plant virus at the genus level with data
on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and
biological properties.
ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.018.0.01. Virus accession number:
018001GE. Obsolete virus code: 18.0.1.; superceded accession number: 18010000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID:
12258.
Name, Synonyms and Lineage
Synonym(s): Cowpea
mosaic virus group. Virus is of the family
00.018.
Comoviridae.
Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not
enveloped, round with icosahedral
symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of
20-27.53-30 nm. Capsids appear round, or hexagonal in outline. The
capsomer arrangement is clearly visible, or is not obvious. The capsid consists
of 32 capsomers (12 pentamers plus 20 trimers). Virus preparations contain more
than one particle component.
Capsids all have the same appearance. Incomplete particles are common. They
are devoid of nucleic acid characterized by capsids with dark centers in
negative stain preparations (T component).
Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation
contains few virions, or many virions.
Capsid structures, detailed structural and computational
analysis are found in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) using VIPERdB, the VIrus
Particle ExploreR Bean pod mottle virus.
Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.29-1.47 g
cm-3. There are 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified
preparations, or 3 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The
sedimentation coefficient is 112-118.5-130 S20w; of
the other(s) are 51-76.71-103 S20w. Isoelectric
point pH is 4.3-5.317-7. A260/A280 ratio is
0.86-1.648-1.81. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at
55-66.1-80°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is
2-23.71-112 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the
decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3, or 4, or
5, or 6, or 7-8. The infectivity is decreased by treatment with ether, or
not changed by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with proteases,
or decreased when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with
phenol or detergent.
The Mr
of the genome constitutes 0-17.87-38.6% of the virion by weight. The
genome is segmented; bipartite, segements are distributed among 2 particle
types of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded
RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are not found in
virions. The complete genome is 9570-11020-13500 nucleotides long,
is sequenced and complete
sequence is about 6000-6757-8500 nucleotides long, is sequenced, but
only an estimate is available, complete sequence is
3540-4279-5000 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of
19.1-22.5-25 % guanine; 26.5-29.17-33.4 % adenine;
16.2-17.96-20.4 % cytosine; 27-30.33-32.3 % uracil. The
5'-end of the genome has a on each RNA species genome-linked protein (VPg)
(covalently bound through serine). The 3'-terminus has conserved nucleotide
sequences; sequence has of variable length 50-150 nucleotides in length
(RNA-1), or 50-300 nucleotides in length (RNA-2, in all RNA
species. The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract variable in length. The
multipartite genome is divided among different particles, each segment
encapsidated separately and the segments are distributed between 2
different types of particles. The largest particles contain each one molecule of
RNA-1 (sedimenting component B). The medium sized particles contain each one
molecule of RNA-2 (sedimenting component M). The smallest particles contain no
nucleic acid and are found in the top (sedimenting component T) band after
sedimentation.
GenBank records for
nucleotide sequences;
complete genome sequences.
Proteins
constitute about 62-82.19-100% of the particle weight.
The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.
Virions consist of 2 structural protein(s), or 3 structural protein(s).
Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural
proteins have been isolated and 6 non-structural protein(s)
are found.
Lipids are not
reported.
Genome Organization and Replication
Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is
absent from infected cells.
Translation: The genome replicates in
the cytoplasm.
Natural Host
Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain
Eucarya.
Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta
(Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).
Severity and Occurrence of
Disease
Host: Signs and symptoms persist, or
vary cyclically over a few weeks, or vary seasonally.
Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by
mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between
hosts, or not transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds, or not
transmitted by seeds; transmitted by pollen to the seed, or not transmitted by
pollen.
Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects
of the order Coleoptera. Virus is transmitted in
a non-persistent manner, or in a semi-persistent manner; does not
replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the
vector.
Experimental Hosts and Symptoms
Under
experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many
families, several families, few families. Susceptible host species are found in
the Family Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Basellaceae,
Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae,
Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae,
Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae,
Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae. The
following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection:
Antirrhinum majus, Beta vulgaris, Brassica
campestris, Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis,
Brassica campestris ssp. napus, Brassica campestris ssp.
pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa,
Brassica juncea, Brassica oleracea, Brassica oleracea
var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata,
Cajanus cajan, Calopogonium mucunoides, Canavalia
ensiformis, Cassia occidentalis, Cassia tora,
Catharanthus roseus, Centrosema pubescens, Chenopodium
album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium capitatum,
Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium foliosum,
Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Cicer
arietinum, Citrullus lanatus, Crotalaria juncea,
Crotalaria spectabilis, Cucumis melo, Cucumis
metuliferus, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima,
Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo, Cyamopsis
tetragonoloba, Datura stramonium, Desmodium canescens,
Desmodium paniculatum, Ecballium elaterium, Eruca
sativa, Glycine clandestina, Glycine max, Glycine
soja, Glycine tabacina, Gomphrena globosa, Ipomoea
nil, Lablab purpureus, Lathyrus odoratus, Lens
culinaris, Lespedeza stipulacea, Lespedeza striata,
Lupinus albus, Lycopersicon chilense, Lycopersicon
esculentum, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Macroptilium
lathyroides, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Medicago hispida,
Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Mucuna
deeringianum, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana
benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana clevelandii,
Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana
megalosiphon, Nicotiana occidentalis, Nicotiana rustica,
Nicotiana tabacum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus
lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis floridana,
Physalis peruviana, Pisum sativum, Psophocarpus
tetragonolobus, Raphanus sativus, Sesbania exaltata,
Sinapis alba, Solanum demissum, Solanum demissum x
S. tuberosum, Solanum tuberosum, Spinacia oleracea,
Strophostyles helvula, Tetragonia tetragonioides,
Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium
pratense, Trifolium repens, Trifolium subterraneum,
Ullucus tuberosus, Vicia faba, Vicia sativa,
Vicia villosa, Vigna angularis, Vigna radiata,
Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica,
Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis , Zinnia elegans.
Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families
containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae,
Apocynaceae, or
Caryophyllaceae,
Chenopodiaceae,
Compositae,
Convolvulaceae, or
Cruciferae,
Cucurbitaceae,
Euphorbiaceae,
Gramineae, or
Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae,
Leguminosae-Papilionoideae,
Malvaceae, or
Polemoniaceae,
Polygonaceae,
Portulacaceae,
Ranunculaceae, or
Scrophulariaceae,
Solanaceae,
Tetragoniaceae,
Tropaeolaceae, or
Umbelliferae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of
susceptibility: Abelmoschus esculentus, Amaranthus caudatus,
Amaranthus retroflexus, Antirrhinum majus, Apium
graveolens, Arachis hypogaea, Beta vulgaris,
Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris
ssp. rapa, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis,
Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Calendula officinalis,
Capsicum frutescens, Cassia occidentalis, Catharanthus
roseus, Celosia argentea, Cheiranthus cheiri,
Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium
quinoa, Cicer arietinum, Citrullus lanatus,
Crotalaria retusa, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cucumis
sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba,
Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Daucus carota,
Delphinium hybridum, Dianthus caryophyllus, Glycine
max, Gomphrena globosa, Gossypium hirsutum,
Helianthus annuus, Ipomoea nil, Lablab purpureus,
Lactuca sativa, Lathyrus odoratus, Lens culinaris,
Lotus corniculatus, Lupinus albus, Lupinus
angustifolius, Lycopersicon esculentum, Lycopersicon
pimpinellifolium, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Matthiola
incana, Medicago hispida, Medicago sativa,
Melilotus albus, Montia perfoliata, Nicandra
physalodes, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi,
Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana
rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum,
Pastinaca sativa, Petroselinum crispum, Petunia x
hybrida, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris,
Phlox drummondii, Physalis floridana, Physalis
peruviana, Pisum sativum, Raphanus sativus,
Ricinus communis, Rumex acetosa, Solanum melongena,
Solanum tuberosum, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria
media, Tephrosia vogelii, Tetragonia tetragonioides,
Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium
pratense, Trifolium repens, Trifolium subterraneum,
Tropaeolum majus, Vicia faba, Vicia sativa,
Vicia villosa, Vigna angularis, Vigna radiata,
Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica,
Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis , Zea mays,
Zinnia elegans.
Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm, or cell
vacuole.
Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells.
Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic
inclusions are crystals. Inclusions contain mature virions.
The virus is probably distributed worldwide. The virus
spreads in Africa, or Eurasia, or North America, or South and Central Americas.
The virus occurs in Australia, or Austria, or Bolivia, or Brazil, or Chile, or
China, or Colombia, or Costa Rica, or Cuba, or Ecuador, or El Salvador, or
Germany, or Guatemala, or Hungary, or Italy, or Japan, or Kenya, or Morocco, or
New Zealand (Aotearoa), or Nigeria, or Panama, or Peru, or Suriname, or
Tanzania, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of America, or the USSR
(former), or Yugoslavia.
Type species 00.018.0.01.001.
Cowpea mosaic virus .
List of Species in the
Genus.
Data Sources and
Contributions
The
following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
PubMed References.
A description of the virus is found
in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied
Biologists (AAB), with the number
199.
Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.
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