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00.017.0.01.
Closterovirus
Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management
(2006). 00.017.0.01. Closterovirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus
Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New
York, USA
Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus
Database, version 4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/
This is a description of a
plant virus at the genus level with data
on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and
biological properties.
ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.017.0.01. Virus accession number:
017001GE. Obsolete virus code: 17.0.1.; superceded accession number: 17010000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID:
12160.
Name, Synonyms and Lineage
Synonym(s): Beet
yellows virus group. Virus is of the family
00.017.
Closteroviridae.
Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not
enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical
symmetry. The capsid is filamentous and very flexuous and
curved with a length of (150-)1500-2200 nm and a width of 12 nm. Axial
canal is distinct, or indistinct. Basic helix is obvious, or obscure. Pitch of
helix is 3-3.528-3.7 nm.
Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation
contains few virions, or many virions.
Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of
1.325-1.332-1.34 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting
component(s) found in purified preparations, or 2 sedimenting component(s) found
in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 110-125-140
S20w; of the other(s) are 80-85-90
S20w. A260/A280 ratio is
1.44-1.61-1.73. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at
40-49.16-55°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is
1-2-5 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal
exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3, or 4, or 5. The
infectivity is retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.
The Mr
of the genome constitutes 5-5.075-5.15% of the virion by weight. The
genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear,
positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. Minor species of
non-genomic nucleic acid are not found in virions. The genome is sequenced,
and complete sequence is about 7100-13220-20000
nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 23.4-25.9-28.4 %
guanine; 24.4-25.35-26.3 % adenine; 21-22.95-24.9 %
cytosine; 22.3-25.8-29.3 % uracil. The genome sequence has termini
with potential hairpin structure (near 3'-end). The 5'-end of the genome
has a probably methylated nucleotide cap.
GenBank records for
nucleotide sequences;
complete genome sequences.
Proteins
constitute about 94.85% of the particle weight.
The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.
Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).
Lipids are not
reported.
Genome Organization and Replication
Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is
present in infected cells. The genome expression is based on RNA production
which can be analyzed by the dsRNA patterns found in the infected tissues.
Usually there are 1-3.5-6 virus specified dsRNA species found in
infected cells. Size of largest virus specified dsRNA 4.6-10.9-15 kbp.
2nd largest 1.2-4.712-7 kbp. 3rd largest 0.4-3.037-5 kbp.
4th largest 2.7 kbp. 5th largest 1.6 kbp. 6th largest 1 kbp.
Translation: Virions may provide
helper functions to dependent virus during replication. Virion acts as helper
for another virus.
Natural Host
Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain
Eucarya.
Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta
(Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).
General Symptoms in Plants Symptoms are
expressed in the leaf, or inflorescence; include stunting, or wilting, or
necrosis; include stunting of all plant parts.
Severity and Occurrence of
Disease
Host: Signs and symptoms persist, or
vary seasonally, or disappear soon after infection.
Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by
mechanical inoculation, or not transmitted by mechanical inoculation;
transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not
transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.
Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects
of the order Hemiptera, family Aleyrodidae, Aphididae,
Psyllidae, Pseudococcidae. Virus is transmitted in a
non-persistent manner, or in a semi-persistent manner; lost by the
vector when it moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted
congenitally to the progeny of the vector; can facilitate the vector
transmission of another virus.
Experimental Hosts and Symptoms
Under
experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many
families, several families, few families. Susceptible host species are found in
the Family Amaranthaceae, Bromeliaceae,
Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae,
Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae,
Geraniaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae,
Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Linaceae, Malvaceae,
Orchidaceae, Passifloraceae, Portulacaceae,
Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae,
Rutaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae,
Tropaeolaceae, Umbelliferae, Urticaceae,
Vitidaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus
infection: Abutilon, Aeglopsis chevalieri, Afraegle
paniculata, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Ananas comosus,
Anthriscus cerefolium, Anthriscus sylvestris,
Aquilegia, Arctium lappa, Atriplex hortensis,
Avena sativa, Beta macrocarpa (2), Beta vulgaris,
Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris
ssp. rapa, Callistephus chinensis, Capsella
bursa-pastoris, Carthamus tinctorius, Cassia corymbosa,
Cassia occidentalis, Cassia tora, Celosia
cristata, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor,
Chenopodium ambrosioides, Chenopodium capitatum,
Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium foliosum, Chenopodium
hybridum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa,
Cichorium endiva, Citrullus lanatus, Citrus
aurantifolia, Citrus aurantium, Citrus excelsa,
Citrus limon, Citrus medica, Citrus paradisi,
Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis, Conium maculatum,
Coriandrum sativum, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus,
Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita
pepo, Daucus carota, Daucus carota ssp. sativus,
Dendrobium phalaenopsis, Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus
caryophyllus, Dianthus chinensis, Diodia virginiana,
Erodium cicutarium, Festuca pratensis, Geranium
dissectum, Glycine max, Helianthus annuus,
Heracleum sphondylium, Hordeum vulgare, Ipomoea
batatas, Ipomoea hederacea, Ipomoea nil, Ipomoea
setosa, Ipomoea trichocarpa, Ipomoea trifida,
Lactuca sativa, Linum grandiflorum, Linum
usitatissimum, Lolium multiflorum, Lolium perenne,
Lychnis chalcedonica, Lycopersicon esculentum, Malva
parviflora, Montia perfoliata, Nicotiana benthamiana,
Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana
megalosiphon, Nicotiana tabacum, Pamburus missionis,
Passiflora gracilis, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus
vulgaris, Physalis ixocarpa, Physalis wrightii,
Pimpinella anisum, Pisum sativum, Prunus persica,
Raphanus sativus, Secale cereale, Senecio vulgaris,
Silene armeria, Solanum dulcamara, Solanum
tuberosum, Sonchus oleraceus, Spinacia oleracea,
Stellaria media, Taraxacum officinale, Tetragonia
tetragonioides, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium
incarnatum, Trifolium repens, Trifolium subterraneum,
Triticum aestivum, Tropaeolum majus, Urtica
californica, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna
unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis , Vitis berlandieri x
Conderc 1613, Vitis berlandieri x V. riparia, Vitis
labrusca, Vitis rupestris, Vitis rupestris var.
rupestris, Vitis vinifera, Zinnia elegans.
Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families
containing insusceptible hosts: Alliaceae,
Amaranthaceae,
Chenopodiaceae,
Compositae,
Convolvulaceae,
Cruciferae,
Cucurbitaceae,
Gramineae,
Labiatae,
Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae,
Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, or
Malvaceae,
Pedaliaceae,
Plantaginaceae,
Solanaceae,
Tetragoniaceae,
Umbelliferae (2/12). Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of
susceptibility: Abelmoschus esculentus, Allium cepa,
Althaea rosea, Bellis perennis, Beta vulgaris,
Brassica campestris, Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis,
Brassica campestris ssp. napus, Brassica campestris
ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa,
Brassica juncea, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis,
Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Capsella
bursa-pastoris, Capsicum annuum, Cassia obtusifolia,
Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium capitatum,
Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium hybridum, Chenopodium
murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Chrysanthemum morifolium,
Citrullus lanatus, Coriandrum sativum, Cucumis
sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita pepo,
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Datura metel, Datura
stramonium, Daucus carota, Glycine max, Gomphrena
globosa, Gossypium hirsutum, Helianthus annuus,
Hyoscyamus niger, Ipomoea nil, Ipomoea purpurea,
Ipomoea tricolor, Lactuca sativa, Lavatera
assurgentiflora, Lycopersicon esculentum, Malva
sylvestris, Medicago sativa, Nicandra physalodes,
Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana
glutinosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana
occidentalis, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris,
Nicotiana tabacum, Ocimum basilicum, Oryza sativa,
Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis
floridana, Pisum sativum, Plantago lanceolata,
Raphanus sativus, Senecio vulgaris, Sesamum indicum,
Sinapis alba, Sisymbrium irio, Solanum nigrum,
Sonchus oleraceus, Spinacia oleracea, Tetragonia
tetragonioides, Thlaspi arvense, Trifolium incarnatum,
Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Trifolium
subterraneum, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Zea
mays, Zinnia elegans.
Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm, or nucleus.
Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells.
Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic
inclusions are crystals, or membranous bodies, or viroplasma. Inclusions contain
mature virions.
The virus is probably distributed worldwide. The virus
spreads in Africa, or East Asia, or Eurasia, or the Mediterranean, or the Middle
East, or North America, or Australasia and Pacific Islands. The virus occurs in
Algeria, or American Samoa, or Antigua and Barbados, or Argentina, or Australia,
or Belize, or Bermuda, or Bolivia, or Brazil, or Brunei Darussalam, or Cameroon,
or the Central African Republic, or Chad, or China, or Colombia, or Costa Rica,
or Cyprus, or the Dominican Republic, or Ecuador, or Egypt, or El Salvador, or
Ethiopia, or Fiji, or France, or French Polynesia, or Gabon, or Germany, or
Ghana, or Guyana, or India, or Indonesia, or Iran, or Israel, or Italy, or
Jamaica, or Japan, or Kenya, or Korea (South), or Malaysia, or Mauritius, or
Morocco, or Mozambique, or Nepal, or the Netherlands, or Netherlands Antilles,
or New Caledonia, or New Zealand (Aotearoa), or Nicaragua, or Nigeria, or
Pakistan, or Panama, or Paraguay, or Peru, or the Philippines, or Portugal, or
Puerto Rico, or Saudi Arabia, or South Africa, or Spain, or Sri Lanka, or
Suriname, or Taiwan, or Tanzania, or Thailand, or Trinidad and Tobago, or
Turkey, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of America, or Uganda, or
Uruguay, or Venezuela, or Viet Nam, or Samoa, or Yugoslavia, or Congo,
Democratic Republic (Zaire), or Zambia, or Zimbabwe.
Type species 00.017.0.01.001.
Beet yellows virus .
List of Species in the
Genus.
Tentative Species in the
Genus.
Data Sources and
Contributions
The
following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
PubMed References.
A description of the virus is found
in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied
Biologists (AAB), with the number
260.
Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.
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