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00.017.0.01.008. Citrus tristeza virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.017.0.01.008. Citrus tristeza virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: California; the United States of America (and Italy).

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Citrus sinensis and C. aurantifolia.

Natural host and symptoms
Citrus ssp. grafted onto Citrus aurantium (sour orange) root stock — quick decline, pitted stems.

C. paradisi (grapefruit) — stunt.

C. aurantifolia (lime) — die-back.

C. aurantifolia (Seville orange) — seedling yellows.

C. reticulata (mandarin) — decline.

Aeglopsis chevalieri, Afraegle paniculata, Pamburus missionis, Passiflora gracilis.

Reference to Isolation Report
Meneghini (1946, Fawcett and Wallace (1946, Kitajima et al. (1964).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.017.0.01.008. Virus accession number: 17001008. Obsolete virus code: 17.0.1.T.1.01; superceded accession number: 1701t101.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12162.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): Citrus quick decline virus (Fawcett and Wallace, 1946), grapevine A virus, hassaku dwarf virus, lime dieback virus. ICTV approved acronym: CTV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.017.0.01. Closterovirus; family 00.017. Closteroviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a length of 2000 nm and a width of 12 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Bar-Joseph et al. (1970).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

The density of virions is 1.257 g/ml. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 140 S20w (~10).

Nucleic Acid

The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. The complete genome is 17000-20000 nucleotides long, is fully sequenced. Complete sequence is 17000-20000 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number
[L12175] Em(40)_vi:CTVCOATB Gb(84)_vi:CTVCOATB Citrus tristeza virus, isolate B35, coat protein mRNA, complete cds. 12/93 672bp.
[M76485] Em(40)_vi:CTVCOAT Gb(84)_vi:CTVCOAT Citrus tristeza virus coat protein gene, complete cds. 7/92 1,080bp.
[S67800] Em(40)_vi:S67800 Gb(84)_vi:S67800 coat protein Citrus tristeza virus CTV, ssp VT, Ach-T isolate, Genomic RNA, 672 nt. 4/94 67
[U02547] Em(40)_vi:CT02547 Gb(84)_vi:CTU02547 Citrus tristeza virus Hsp70 homolog mRNA, partial sequence. 5/94 7,292bp.
[X75433] Em(40)_vi:GVMPCP Gb(84)_vi:GVMPCP Grapevine virus A genomic RNA, MP and CP genes. 5/94 1,883bp.
[U16304] Em(43)_vi:Ct16304 Gb(89)_vi:Ctu16304 Citrus tristeza virus complete genome. 5/95 19,296bp.
[U17265] Em(43)_vi:Ct17265 Gb(89)_vi:Ctu17265 Citrus tristeza virus p18, p13, p20, and p23.5 genes, complete cds, and coat protein gene, pa
[U20531] Em(43)_vi:Ct20531 Gb(89)_vi:Ctu20531 Citrus tristeza virus defective RNA D-CTV-RNA. 4/95 2,424bp. Reference to nucleotide sequence Bar-Joseph et al. (1985).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Lee et al. (1988).

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Lee et al. (1988).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by seeds.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Toxoptera citricidus (Meneghini, 1946; Costa and Grant, 1951), Aphis gossypii, A spiraecola and Toxoptera aurantii (Dickson et al., 1951; Norman and Grant, 1956). Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Passifloraceae, Rutaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Aeglopsis chevalieri, Afraegle paniculata, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus aurantium, Citrus excelsa, Citrus limon, Citrus medica, Citrus paradisi, Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis, Pamburus missionis, Passiflora gracilis.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Citrus aurantifolia cvs West Indian lime, Key lime, Mexican lime, Galego lime, Kagzi lime — chlorotic vein flecks, leaves cupped or canoe-shaped; stem pitting (Wallace and Drake, 1951).

C. sinensis on rootstock C. aurantifolia — sudden wilt, decline and death, overgrowth on bud union and 'honeycombing' just below union.

C. sinensis, C. paradisi — stem pitting.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Citrus aurantifolia, C. excelsa, C. sinensis.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Citrus aurantifolia (W).

Images of Symptons
























Images of Citrus tristeza virus symptoms in host.

References to host data: Wallace and Drake (1951, Knorr (1956, Müller et al. (1974).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in phloem. Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are crystals. Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide (wherever citrus is grown). The virus spreads in Africa, East Asia, Eurasia, the Mediterranean, North America, and Australasia and Pacific Islands. The virus occurs in Algeria, or American Samoa, or Antigua and Barbados, or Argentina, or Australia, or Belize, or Bermuda, or Bolivia, or Brazil, or Brunei Darussalam, or Cameroon, or the Central African Republic, or Chad, or China, or Colombia, or Costa Rica, or Cyprus, or the Dominican Republic, or Ecuador, or Egypt, or El Salvador, or Ethiopia, or Fiji, or French Polynesia, or Gabon, or Ghana, or Guyana, or India, or Indonesia, or Iran, or Israel, or Italy, or Jamaica, or Japan, or Kenya, or Korea (South), or Malaysia, or Mauritius, or Morocco, or Mozambique, or Nepal, or Netherlands Antilles, or New Caledonia, or New Zealand (Aotearoa), or Nicaragua, or Nigeria, or Pakistan, or Panama, or Paraguay, or Peru, or the Philippines, or Portugal, or Puerto Rico, or Saudi Arabia, or Spain, or Sri Lanka, or Suriname, or Taiwan, or Tanzania, or Thailand, or Trinidad and Tobago, or Turkey, or the United States of America, or Uganda, or Uruguay, or Venezuela, or Viet Nam, or Congo, Democratic Republic (Zaire), or Zambia, or Samoa, or Yugoslavia, or Zimbabwe.

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Costa and Muller (1980).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Seedling yellows virus (Fraser, 1952), grapefruit stem pitting virus (Oberholzer et al., 1946), grapefruit stunt bush virus (Anon, 1950), lime die-back virus (Hughes and Lister, 1949), Ellendale mandarin decline virus (Stubbs, 1952).

References

Anon (1950). Agric. Gaz. N.S.W. 61: 365.

Bar-Joseph, M., Loebenstein, G. and Cohen, J. (1970). Phytopathology 60: 75.

Bar-Joseph, M., Gumpf, D.J., Dodds, J.A., Rosner, A and Ginsberg, I. (1985). Phytopathology 75: 195.

Bar-Joseph, M. and Lee, R.F. (1989). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 353, 7 pp.

Brlansky, RH, Garnsey, SM, Lee, R.F. and Purcifull, D.E. (1984). Proc. 9th Conf. Int. Org. Citrus Virol., p. 337. Univ. California, Riverside.

Brlansky, RH, Lee, R.F. and Garnsey, SM (1988). Plant Dis. 72: 1039.

Costa, AS. and Grant, TJ (1951). Phytopathology 41: 105.

Costa, AS. and Müller, G.W. (1980). Plant Dis. 64: 538.

Dickson, C.R., Flock, R.A. and Johnson, MM (1951). Calif. Citrogr. 36: 135.

Fawcett, H.S. and Wallace, J.M. (1946). Calif. Citrogr. 32: 50.

Fraser, L.R. (1952). Agric. Gaz. N.S.W. 63: 125.

Grant, TJ and Higgins, R.P. (1957). Phytopathology 47: 272.

Hughes, W.A. and Lister, CA (1949). Nature, Lond. 164: 880.

Knorr, LC (1956). Phytopathology 46: 557.

Lee, R.F., Garnsey, SM, Brlansky, RH and Goheen, AC. (1987). Phytopathology 77: 543.

Lee, R.F., Calvert, L.A., Nagel, J. and Hubbard, J.D. (1988). Phytopathology 78: 1221.

Meneghini, M. (1946). Biologico 12: 285.

Müller, G.W., Costa, AS., Kitajima, E.W. and Camargo, I.J.B. (1974). Proc. 6th Conf. Int. Org. Citrus Virol., p. 75. Univ. California, Riverside.

Norman, P.A. and Grant, TJ (1956). Proc. Fla Stn hort Soc. 69: 38.

Oberholzer, P.C.F., Mathews, I. and Stiemie, S.F. (1949). Sci. Bull. Dep. Agric. S. Afr., 287.

Price, W.C. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 33, 3 pp.

Stubbs, L.L. (1952). J. Dep. Agric. Vic. 50: 124.

Wallace, J.M. and Drake, R.J. (1951). Calif. Citrogr. 36: 136.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 222 by C. Büchen-Osmond, 1986; D.J. Gumpf, 1987, U.S.A. Revised by R.F. Lee, 1989. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 353.

Taxonomic Proposals and Changes

A taxonomic proposal has been submitted to the ICTV by the Plant Virus Subcommittee, Study Group for Closteroviridae at the meeting in San Diego, March 1998. The proposal has been approved, the taxon has been designated as Species (in the Genus Closterovirus).



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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