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00.017.0.01.006. Carnation necrotic fleck virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.017.0.01.006. Carnation necrotic fleck virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Japan.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Dianthus caryophyllus.

Natural host and symptoms
Dianthus caryophyllus — mottling, streaking becoming necrotic; grey streaks or red necrotic flecks.

Reference to Isolation Report
Inouye and Mitsuhata (1973).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.017.0.01.006. Virus accession number: 17001006. Obsolete virus code: 17.0.1.0.005; superceded accession number: 17010005.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): carnation yellow fleck virus (Bar-Joseph et al., 1976), carnation streak virus. ICTV approved acronym: CNFV. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is of the genus 00.017.0.01. Closterovirus in the family 00.017. Closteroviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a length of 1400-1500 nm and a width of 12 nm. Basic helix is obvious. Pitch of helix is 3.4 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Virions fragile and do not stain well in carnation sap. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Bar-Joseph and Smookler (1976, Inouye (1976).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.325 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 122-128 S20w (80 S for broken virions). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 40-45°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 2-4 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 4.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 5.15% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered. The complete genome is 12800 nucleotides long. Genome is sequenced, but only an estimate is available, complete sequence is 12800 nucleotides long. Reference to nucleotide sequence Bar-Joseph and Smookler (1976, Bar-Joseph et al. (1976).

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 94.85% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Bar-Joseph et al. (1979, Short et al. (1977).

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Bar-Joseph et al. (1979, Short et al. (1977).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to Beet yellows virus and Wheat yellow leaf virus. The virus does not show serological relationships to Citrus tristeza virus and Heracleum latent virus and all viruses from the genus Capillovirus.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are virions of CNFV are usually found in large numbers in carnation sap and are easily detected by electron microscopy.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation (with difficulty, not transmitted by contact between hosts.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae. Virus is transmitted in a semi-persistent manner; lost by the vector when it moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Caryophyllaceae, Portulacaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Dianthus chinensis, Lychnis chalcedonica, Montia perfoliata, Silene armeria.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of vein clearing and flecking.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Beta vulgaris, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium hybridum, Chenopodium quinoa, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana clevelandii, Tetragonia tetragonioides.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Dianthus chinensis, D. barbatus — vein clearing and flecking after 3-5 weeks. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Chenopodium quinoa.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Dianthus barbatus.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Dianthus barbatus (L).

References to host data: Bar-Joseph et al. (1979).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in epidermis and phloem mainly in the parts of the plant that show symptoms.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are membranous bodies. Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide (wherever carnations are grown).

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Smookler and Loebenstein (1974, Poupet et al. (1975).

References

Bar-Joseph, M., Inouye, T. and Sutton, J. (1976). Pl. Dis. Reptr 60: 851.

Bar-Joseph, M., Garnsey, SM and Gonsalves, D. (1979). Adv. Virus Res. 25: 93.

Bar-Joseph, M., Loebenstein, G. and Cohen, J. (1976). Proc. 7th. Conf. Int. Org. Citrus Virol., p. 39.

Bar-Joseph, M. and Smookler, M. (1976). Phytopathology 66: 835.

Inouye, T. (1974). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 136, 3 pp.

Inouye, T. and Mitsuhata, K. (1973). Ber. Ohara Inst. Landw. Biol. 15: 195.

Poupet, A, Cardin, L., Marais, A and Cadilhac, B (1975). Ann. Phytopath. 7: 277.

Short, M.N., Hull, R., Bar-Joseph, M. and Rees, M.W. (1977). Virology 77: 408.

Smookler, M. and Loebenstein, G. (1974). Phytopathology 7: 277.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ; .

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 150 by J.R. Moran and A.A. Brunt, 1987.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 136.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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