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Descriptions are generated automatically from the ICTVdB database including links. Some descriptions are only very basic and links may point to documents that are not yet published on the Web.

00.015. Caulimoviridae

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.015. Caulimoviridae. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the family level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.015. Virus accession number: 00015FAM. Obsolete virus code: 15.; superceded accession number: 15000000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 186534.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is round to elongated with icosahedral symmetry (T=7). The capsid is isometric, or bacilliform and has a diameter of 35-50 nm. The capsid shells of virions are composed of multiple layers. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. The bacilliform capsid has a length of 130 nm, or 60-900 nm and a width of 24-30-35 nm.



































Electron micrograph of Cauliflower mosaic virus 00.015.0.01. Caulimovirus (1-2) and of Yucca bacilliform virus, 00.015.0.05. Badnavirus, (4-5) were kindly provided by Dr Robert G. Milne CNR, Instituto di Fitovirologica Applicata, Torino, Italy, and of Cacao swollen shoot virus, 00.015.0.05. Badnavirus (3) by Dr D.-E. Lesemann, Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (BBA), Braunschweig, Germany.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions, or many virions.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.3-1.312-1.4 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations, or 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 200-251-285 S20w; of the other(s) are 212 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 4. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 55-60-90°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 1-28-85 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3-4. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with proteases, or decreased when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 14.5-16.08-17% of the virion by weight. The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule or two segments of open circular reverse transcribing double-stranded DNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are not found in virions. The genome is sequenced, and complete sequence is about 6800-7680-8300 nucleotides long. The genome has a guanine + cytosine content of 28-35.5-43 %. The genome has terminally redundant sequences. The terminally redundant sequences have direct terminal repeats; are reiterated internally in inverted form. The genome has single-stranded discontinuities at specific sites; transcribed strand has one discontinuity (or more, non-transcribed strand has one discontinuity (or more). The genome has an intergenic poly (A) region, or no intergenic poly (A) region.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 83-84.41-85.9% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s), or 3 structural protein(s).

Non-Structural Proteins: The virus codes for an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Transcription: The virus codes for 2-8 ORF(s).

Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells.

Translation: The genome replicates in the nucleus, or the cytoplasm. Replication involves a reverse transcription step.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae), or Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist, or vary seasonally.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector, or not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation, or not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting, or not transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between hosts, or not transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds, or not transmitted by seeds; transmitted by pollen to the seed, or not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aleyrodidae, Aphididae, Cicadellidae, Pseudococcidae. Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner, or in a semi-persistent manner, or in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults, or lost by the vector when it moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; requires, for vector transmission, a helper virus.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families, few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Aceraceae, Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Araceae, Aucubaceae, Bombacaceae, Cannaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Commelinaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Crassulaceae, Cruciferae, Cyperaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Ericaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae-Mimosoideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Musaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Plantaginaceae, Pontederiaceae, Ranunculaceae, Resedaceae, Rosaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Adansonia digitata, Ageratum conyzoides, Albizzia julibrissin, Alocasia macrorrhizos, Amaranthus caudatus, Aquilegia, Arabidopsis thaliana, Arachis hypogaea, Armoracia rusticana, Aucuba japonica, Bombax brevicuspe, Brassaia actinophylla, Brassica campestris, Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. napus, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Brassica oleracea, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, or Brassicaceae, Canavalia ensiformis, Canna, Ceiba chlamydantha, Ceiba pentandra, Cestrum parqui, Chenopodium capitatum, Cirsium arvense, Cola chlamydantha, Cola gigantea var. glabrescens, Colocasia esculenta, Commelina diffusa, Corchorus, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Cyperus rotundus, Dahlia pinnata, Datura stramonium, Dianthus caryophyllus, Dioscorea alata, Eleusine indica, Fimbristylis miliacea, Fragaria chiloensis, Fragaria vesca, Fragaria virginiana, Fragaria x ananassa, Glycine max, Ipomoea batatas, Ipomoea nil, Ipomoea setosa, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, Lablab purpureus, Leersia hexandra, Malus sylvestris, Manihot esculenta, Matthiola incana, Mirabilis jalapa, Mirabilis nyctaginea, Monochoria vaginalis, Musa, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana x edwardsonii, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Raphanus, or Resedaceae, Rubus idaeus, or Rosaceae, Rubus occidentalis, Rubus procerus, Rubus strigosus, Saccharum officinarum, Sanguisorba minor, Saponaria vaccaria, Scrophularia californica, Silene armeria, Spinacia oleracea, Sterculia tragacantha, Theobroma cacao, Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium formosum, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Verbesina encelioides, Vicia faba, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Xanthosoma, Yucca elephantipes, Zinnia elegans.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, or Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, or Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae, Pedaliaceae, Solanaceae, or Tetragoniaceae, Umbelliferae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Abelmoschus esculentus, Arachis hypogaea, Avena sativa, Beta vulgaris, Brassica campestris, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Brassica juncea, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Cajanus cajan, Capsicum annuum, Cassia obtusifolia, Cassia occidentalis, Cassia tora, Catharanthus roseus, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita moschata, Datura stramonium, Daucus carota, Dianthus caryophyllus, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Hordeum vulgare, Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana x edwardsonii, Oryza sativa, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Raphanus sativus, Ricinus communis, Sesamum indicum, Sorghum halepense, Spinacia oleracea, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Triticum aestivum, Vicia faba, Vigna angularis, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis , Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.

Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm, or nucleus, or perinuclear space, or cell vacuole.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells, or not present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are membranous bodies, or viroplasma. Inclusions contain mature virions, or do not contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide. The virus spreads in Africa, or East Asia, or Eurasia, or North America. The virus occurs in Australia, or Brazil, or Canada, or Chile, or China, or the Cook Islands, or Cote d'Ivoire, or Czechoslovakia (former), or Denmark, or Fiji, or Germany, or Ghana, or Guadeloupe, or Hungary, or India, or Ireland, or Italy, or Japan, or Morocco, or Nigeria, or Sierra Leone, or the Solomon Islands, or Sri Lanka, or Sudan, or Taiwan, or Togo, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of America, or the USSR (former), or Vanuatu, or Samoa.

Taxonomic Structure of the Family

00.015.0.01. Caulimovirus
00.015.0.02. Soymovirus
00.015.0.03. Cavemovirus
00.015.0.04. Tungrovirus
00.015.0.05. Badnavirus
00.015.0.06. Petuvirus.

Data Sources and Contributions

The description has been compiled from data in the ICTV Report presented by Hull R.

References

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted. • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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