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00.015.0.01.001. Cauliflower mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.015.0.01.001. Cauliflower mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Brassica campestris and B. oleracea.

Natural host and symptoms
Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica ssp., Raphanus ssp. and other species of the Brassicaceae, Resedaceae — vein-clearing or banding mosaic.

Reference to Isolation Report
Tompkins (1937).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.015.0.01.001. Virus accession number: 15001001. Obsolete virus code: 15.0.1.0.001; superceded accession number: 15010001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 10641.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): brassica virus 3, broccoli mosaic virus, cabbage mosaic virus, cabbage virus B. ICTV approved acronym: CaMV. Virus is the type of the genus 00.015.0.01. Caulimovirus in the family 00.015. Caulimoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 50 nm. The capsid shells of virions are composed of multiple layers. Capsids appear round. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. No special treatment required but virions flatten. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Gardner and Shepherd (1980).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.37 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 208 S20w (Hull et al., 1976). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 75-80°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 7-15 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 16-17% of the virion by weight. The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of circular. The genome is -RT. The genome is double-stranded DNA that forms an open circle (linear molecules found but not infective). Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are not found in virions. The complete genome is 8024 nucleotides long (for Cabb S; 8016 for D/H; 8031 for CM1841; 8060 for Xinijang), is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 8032 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number

[A00001] Em(40)_vi:A00001 Gb(84)_pat:A00001 Cauliflower mosaic virus satellite cDNA. 1/93 335bp.
[D00335] Em(40)_vi:MCAB1G6 Gb(84)_vi:MCAB1G6 Cauliflower mosaic virus (strain Bari 1), gene VI and flanks. 3/94 1,908bp.

[L09053] Em(40)_vi:MCAMIBP. Gb(84)_vi:MCAMIBP. Cauliflower mosaic virus major inclusion body protein (VI) gene, complete cds. 11/93 3,036bp.
[M10166] Em(40)_vi:MCAIBP Gb(84)_vi:MCA4184P Cauliflower mosaic virus IBP. gene promoter region. 7/89 92bp
[M10326] Em(40)_vi:MCA41841 Gb(84)_vi:MCA41841 Cauliflower mosaic virus (strain CM4-184) 5' region, segment 1. 7/89 69bp.
[M10327] Em(40)_vi:MCA41842 Gb(84)_vi:MCA41842 Cauliflower mosaic virus (strain CM4-184) 5' region, segment 2. 7/89 135bp.
[M10376] Em(40)_vi:MCACGDH Gb(84)_vi:MCACGDH Cauliflower mosaic virus (altered virulence isolate D/H), complete genome. 5/94 8,016bp.
[M10385] Em(40)_vi:MCA4184D Gb(84)_vi:MCA4184D Cauliflower mosaic virus (strain CM4-184) deletion mutant DNA. 7/89 90bp.
[M13776] Em(40)_vi:MCAIS Gb(84)_vi:MCAIS Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) in vitro initiation sites. 7/89 320bp.
[M14412] Em(40)_sy:AG5MCA Gb(84)_sy:SYNTRN5MCA Synthetic gene of Cauliflower mosaic virus promoter and Transposon Tn5 kanamycin resistant ge
[M14790] Gb(84)_vi:MCAREPREC Cauliflower mosaic virus (strain CM4-184) U5 region DNA. 5/87 2,539bp.
[M16239] Em(40)_vi:MCA4184P Gb(84)_sy:SYN4184P1 Cauliflower mosaic virus IBP. gene promoter region with oligomer BamHI linker. 7/89 67bp
[M17415] Em(40)_vi:MCAATFA Gb(84)_vi:MCAATFA Cauliflower mosaic virus (CAMV) BstEII/XhoI aphid transmissibility fragment DNA. 7/89 1,556bp.
[M19736] Em(40)_sy:AG35S Gb(84)_sy:SYNMCA35S Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter gene under Tn10-encoded tet repressor-operator c
[M19740] Em(40)_vi:MCACPPG2 Gb(84)_vi:MCACPPG2 Cauliflower mosaic virus viable recombinant DNA, 3' flank to ORF (VIII,IV,V,V*) region. 7/89
[M19741] Em(40)_vi:MCACPPG1 Gb(84)_vi:MCACPPG1 Cauliflower mosaic virus viable recombinant ORF VIII mRNA, 3' end; ORF V* mRNA, complete cds;
[M23620] Em(40)_vi:MCAMV6 Gb(84)_vi:MCAMV6 Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) gene six protein gene, complete cds. 12/93 1,904bp.
[M32808] Em(40)_vi:MCAORFIX Gb(84)_vi:MCAORFIX1 Cauliflower mosaic virus unidentified protein gene, partial cds. 6/92 74bp.
[M32809] Em(40)_vi:MCAAAF1 Gb(84)_vi:MCAAAF1 Cauliflower mosaic virus aphid acquisition factor 5' end. 6/92 229bp.
[M32810] Em(40)_vi:MCAORFX2 Gb(84)_vi:MCAORFX2 Cauliflower mosaic virus unidentified protein gene, 5' end. 6/92 178bp.
[M32811] Em(40)_vi:MCAMPX Gb(84)_vi:MCAMPX Cauliflower mosaic virus matrix protein (put.), partial cds. 6/92 972bp.
[M32812] Em(40)_vi:MCACTCTP Gb(84)_vi:MCACTCTP Cauliflower mosaic virus cell-to-cell transport protein, 5' end. 6/92 221bp.
[M32813] Em(40)_vi:MCAAAFCP Gb(84)_vi:MCAAAFCP Cauliflower mosaic virus aphid acquisition factor (3' end), and coat protein (5' end) genes.
[M32814] Em(40)_vi:MCACPX Gb(84)_vi:MCACPX Cauliflower mosaic virus coat protein, partial cds. 6/92 106bp
[M32815] Em(40)_vi:MCARTRA Gb(84)_vi:MCARTRA Cauliflower mosaic virus reverse transcriptase (V) gene, partial cds. 6/92 467bp.
[M37581] Em(40)_vi:MCAORF01 Gb(84)_vi:MCAORFIIPV Cauliflower mosaic virus ORF II protein gene, complete cds. 9/90 649bp.
[M37582] Em(40)_vi:MCAORFII Gb(84)_vi:MCAORFIICM Cauliflower mosaic virus ORF II protein gene, complete cds. 9/90 648bp.
[M74305] Em(40)_sy:AGCAMVCM5 Gb(84)_sy:SYNCAMVCM5 Synthetic expression vector pUC18cpPRV, constructed from cauliflower mosaic virus 35S gene-re
[M74306] Em(40)_sy:AGCAMVCM3 Gb(84)_sy:SYNCAMVCM3 Synthetic expression vector pUC18cpPRV constructed from cauliflower mosaic virus 35S gene-reg
[M90541] Em(40)_vi:MCAMATCAP Gb(84)_vi:MCAMATCAP Cauliflower mosaic virus movement protein, aphid transmission protein, DNA binding protein, c
[M90542] Em(40)_vi:MCAMADCRI Gb(84)_vi:MCAMADCRI Cauliflower mosaic virus movement protein gene, aphid transmission protein gene, DNA binding
[M90543] Em(40)_vi:MCACOMGEN Gb(84)_vi:MCACOMGEN Cauliflower mosaic virus movement protein gene, aphid transmission protein gene, DNA binding
[M94887] Em(40)_vi:MCAORFS Gb(84)_vi:MCAORFS Cauliflower mosaic virus DNA sequence, ORFs I, II, and VII. 10/92 1,692bp.
[S51055] Em(40)_vi:S51055 Gb(84)_vi:S51055 19S (promoter) cauliflower mosaic virus, Genomic, 240 nt. 11/93 240bp.
[S51061] Em(40)_vi:S51061 Gb(84)_vi:S51061 35S (promoter) cauliflower mosaic virus, Genomic, 210 nt. 11/93 210bp.
[V00140] Em(40)_vi:CAMVG1 Gb(84)_vi:CAMVG1 Cauliflower mosaic virus genome. 9/93 8,031bp.
[V00141] Em(40)_vi:CAMVG2 Gb(84)_vi:CAMVG2 Cauliflower mosaic virus genome. 9/93 8,024bp.
[X02606] Em(40)_vi:CACM4184 Gb(84)_vi:CACM4184 Cauliflower mosaic virus (CM4184) R, U5 and flanking regions. 7/86 2,539bp.
[X04879] Em(40)_sy:ARCAMVPR Gb(84)_sy:ARCAMVPR CaMV promoter in pMON273 vector (transgenic Petunia) CaMV = Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S prom
[X14911] Em(40)_vi:CAMVI Gb(84)_vi:CAMVI Cauliflower mosaic virus gene VI for the inclusion body matrix protein. 9/93 3,131bp.
[X53860] Em(40)_vi:CMVVIG Gb(84)_vi:CMVVIG Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) gene VI for viroplasmin. 9/93 2,283bp.
[X79465] Em(43)_vi:Cmvdna Gb(89)n:Cmvdna Cauliflower Mosaic Virus strain B29 complete DNA sequence. 5/95 8,031bp.

The genome has a guanine + cytosine content of 43 %. The genome has single-stranded discontinuities at specific sites; transcribed strand has two discontinuities; non-transcribed strand has one discontinuity. The genome has no intergenic poly (A) region. Reference to nucleotide sequence Franck et al. (1980, Gardner et al. (1981, Shepherd et al. (1970).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 83-84% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Al Ani et al. (1979, Hahn and Shepherd (1980).

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Brunt et al. (1975, protein is basic because of relatively high lysine and arginine content.

Non-Structural Proteins: The virus codes for an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Transcription: The virus codes for 7 ORF(s).

Translation: Coat protein mRNA is translated in the cytoplasm.

The genome replicates in the nucleus. Replication involves a reverse transcription step.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to dahlia mosaic, strawberry vein-banding and carnation etched ring viruses.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Brevicoryne brassicae, Myzus persicae and at least 25 other species. Virus is transmitted in a semi-persistent manner; lost by the vector when it moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Cruciferae, Resedaceae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica campestris, Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. napus, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Brassica oleracea, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, or Brassicaceae, Datura stramonium, Nicotiana clevelandii, Raphanus, or Resedaceae.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of vein clearing, mosaic.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, B. campestris — vein clearing, mosaic.

Brassica campestris ssp. napus — mosaic.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Brassica campestris cv. Just Right.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Brassica campestris cv. Just Right.

References to host data: Tompkins (1937, Broadbent and Tinsley (1953).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm and plasmodesmata or their vicinity.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Inclusions are electron-dense matrices. Inclusions contain mature virions. Other cellular changes include deeply lobed nuclei, cell wall protrusions associated with vesicles and convoluted tubules.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide.

References

Al Ani, R., Pfeiffer, P. and Lebeurier, G. (1979). Virology 93: 188.

Broadbent, L. and Tinsley, TW (1953). Pl. Path. 2: 88.

Brunt, A.A., Barton, R.J., Tremaine, J.H. and Stace-Smith, R. (1975). J. gen. Virol. 27: 101.

Cheng, RH, Olron, N.H. and Barker, T.S. (1992). Virology 186: 655.

Covey, S.N. and Hull, R. (1985). Oxford Surveys of Pl. Mol. Cell Biol. 2: 339.

Donson, J. and Hull, R. (1983). J. gen. Virol. 64: 2281.

Franck, A, Guilley, H., Jonard, G., Richards, K. and Hirth, L. (1980). Cell 21: 285.

Gardner, R.C. and Shepherd, R.J. (1980). Virology 106: 159.

Gardner, R.C., Howarth, AJ., Hahn, P., Brown-Luedi, M., Shepherd, R.J. and Messing, J. (1981). Nucl. Acids Res. 9: 2871.

Hahn, P. and Shepherd, R.J. (1980). Virology 107: 295.

Hull, R. and Covey, S.N. (1983). Trends Biochem. Sci. 8: 119.

Kruse, J., Timmians, P. and Witz, J. (1987). Virology 159: 166.

Meagher, R.B., Shepherd, R.J. and Boyer, H.W. (1977). Virology 80: 362.

Pfeiffer, P. and Hohn, T. (1983). Cell 33: 781.

Shepherd, R.J. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 24, 4 pp.

Shepherd, R.J. (1981). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 243, 6 pp.

Tompkins, C.M. (1937). J. Agric. Res. 55: 33.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV REport .

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 184 by R.G. Garrett, 1982. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 24.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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