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00.011.0.05. Tospovirus
Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006).
00.011.0.05. Tospovirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database,
version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA
Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/
This is a description of a
plant virus at the genus level with data
on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and
biological properties.
ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.011.0.05. Virus accession number:
011005GE. Obsolete virus code: 11.0.5.; superceded accession number: 11050000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID:
11611.
Name, Synonyms and Lineage
Synonym(s): Tomato
spotted wilt virus. Virus is of the family
00.011.
Bunyaviridae.
Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. Virus
capsid is enveloped. Virions are spherical to pleomorphic measuring
70-90 nm in diameter. The envelope surrounds three
nucleocapsids. Surface projections are distinctive spikes
that are surrounded
by a prominent fringe. Surface projections are embedded in a lipid
bilayer that
is 5 nm thick. Surface projections
are 5-10 nm long. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated and
exhibits
helical symmetry. The ribonucleocapsid is filamentous with a
length of 200-3000 nm (depending on arrangement) and a width of 2-2.5 nm.
Nucleocapsids are circular.
Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation
contains few virions.
The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at
40-43.75-45°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is
0.2-0.6-1 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the
decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2-3. The
infectivity is decreased by treatment with ether; lost when deproteinized with
proteases; lost when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.
The Mr
of the genome constitutes 5% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented and
consists of three segments of circular, negative-sense and
ambisense (RNA-L), or ambisense (RNA-S and
RNA-M), single-stranded RNA
that forms a non-covalently
closed circle. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are not found in
virions. The complete genome is 17200-17400-17600 nucleotides long.
The RNA-L is sequenced, but only an estimate is available,
complete sequence is 8800-8848-8897 nucleotides long. RNA-M is
sequenced, complete sequence is about 5400
nucleotides long. RNA-S is sequenced, but only an estimate is given,
complete sequence is 2916-3208-3500 nucleotides long. The
genome has a base ratio of 16.2 % guanine; 31.6 % adenine; 19.3 % cytosine; 32.9
% uracil. The genome has terminally redundant sequences. The terminally
redundant sequences have reiterated terminal sequences. The genome sequence is
repeated at both ends. Terminal nucleotides are base-paired, forming
non-covalently closed, circular RNAs. Nucleotide sequences at the
3'-terminus are complementary to the 5' end and form a panhandle. The
5'-terminal sequence has conserved regions and repeats complementary to the
3'-terminus; terminal repeats at the 5'-end are 8 nucleotides long; at
the 5'-end AGAGCAAU... The 3'-terminus has conserved nucleotide
sequences; of 8 nucleotides in length; at the 3' end UCUCGUUA.... The genome has
no intergenic poly (A) region. The multipartite genome is found in one type of
particle only.
GenBank records for
nucleotide sequences;
complete genome sequences.
Proteins
constitute about 70% of the particle weight.
The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.
Virions consist of 4 structural protein(s).
Lipids are
present and located in the envelope. Virions are composed of 20%
lipids by weight. The composition of viral lipids and host cell membranes are
similar. The lipids are of host origin and are derived from plasma
membranes. Viral membranes include phospholipids, sterols, fatty acids, and
glycolipids.
Genome Organization and Replication
Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is
present in infected cells.
Translation: The genome replicates in
the cytoplasm.
Release: The outer envelope lipids are
derived from cellular Golgi membranes, or cell surface membranes (occasionally).
Natural Host
Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain
Eucarya.
Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta
(Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).
Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass
ASTERIDAE; Order Scrophulariales.
General Symptoms in Plants Symptoms are
expressed in the leaf and inflorescence; include deformation, or wilting, or
necrosis, or chlorosis; include deformation of leaves; include necrosis of the
leaf. Symptoms in leaves include development of patterns or markings
that are visible in the intercostal regions. Intercostal regions show
necrosis, chlorosis, and lesions. Leaf veins are chlorotic and include vein
clearing. Leaves with mosaic, mottle, streaks, striations,
or ringspot have yellow netting. Part of
inflorescence effected flower undergoes color change and color breaking.
Severity and Occurrence of
Disease
Host: Signs and symptoms persist.
Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by
mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact
between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.
Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects
of the order Thysanoptera. Virus is transmitted
in a semi-persistent manner, or in a persistent manner; retained when the
vector moults; replicates in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the
progeny of the vector.
Experimental Hosts and Symptoms
Under
experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many
families, several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family
Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Apocynaceae,
Balsaminaceae, Bromeliaceae, Caryophyllaceae,
Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae,
Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Iridaceae,
Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae,
Malvaceae, Papaveraceae, Polemoniaceae,
Solanaceae, Tropaeolaceae. The following species were
susceptible to experimental virus infection: Amaranthus caudatus,
Amaranthus retroflexus, Ananas comosus, Arachis
hypogaea, Belamcanda chinensis, Bidens pilosa,
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Calendula officinalis,
Canavalia gladiata, Canavalia obtusifolia, Canavalia
occidentalis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Capsicum annuum,
Cassia occidentalis, Cassia tora, Catharanthus
roseus, Cheiranthus cheiri, Chenopodium amaranticolor,
Chenopodium quinoa, Cichorium endiva, Crotalaria
juncea, Cucumis sativus, Dahlia pinnata, Datura
stramonium, Desmodium triflorum, Glycine max,
Gomphrena globosa, Helianthus annuus, Hippeastrum
hybridum, Hyoscyamus niger, Impatiens, Ipomoea
congesta, Lactuca sativa, Lathyrus odoratus,
Lupinus mutabilis, Lycopersicon esculentum, Lycopersicon
pimpinellifolium, Malva parviflora, Matthiola incana,
Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana
bigelovii, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa,
Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana
tabacum, Papaver nudicaule, Petunia x hybrida,
Phaseolus vulgaris, Phlox drummondii, Physalis
peruviana, Pisum sativum, Solanum capsicastrum,
Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum
nodiflorum, Solanum tuberosum, Sonchus oleraceus,
Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media, Tephrosia
purpurea, Trifolium subterraneum, Tropaeolum majus,
Vicia faba, Vigna mungo, Vigna radiata, Vigna
unguiculata, Zinnia elegans.
Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families
containing insusceptible hosts: Solanaceae,
Umbelliferae. Species inoculated
with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Apium graveolens,
Coriandrum sativum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicandra
physalodes, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa,
Nicotiana rustica.
Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm.
Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells, or not
present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the
cytoplasm.
The virus is probably distributed worldwide. The virus
occurs in Afghanistan, or Algeria, or Argentina, or Australia, or Austria, or
Belgium, or Bolivia, or Brazil, or Bulgaria, or Canada, or Chile, or China, or
Cote d'Ivoire, or Cyprus, or Czechoslovakia (former), or Egypt, or France, or
Germany, or Greece, or Guyana, or Haiti, or India, or Ireland, or Israel, or
Italy, or Jamaica, or Japan, or Libya, or Madagascar, or Malaysia, or Malta, or
Mauritius, or Mexico, or Nepal, or the Netherlands, or New Zealand (Aotearoa),
or Niger, or Nigeria, or Pakistan, or Papua New Guinea, or Paraguay, or Poland,
or Portugal, or Puerto Rico, or Reunion, or Romania, or Senegal, or South
Africa, or Spain, or Sri Lanka, or Suriname, or Sweden, or Switzerland, or
Taiwan, or Tanzania, or Thailand, or Turkey, or the United Kingdom, or the
United States of America, or the USSR (former), or Uganda, or Uruguay, or
Yugoslavia, or Congo, Democratic Republic (Zaire), or Zimbabwe.
Type species 00.011.0.05.001.
Tomato spotted wilt virus .
List of Species in the
Genus.
Data Sources and
Contributions
The
following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
PubMed References.
A description of the virus is found
in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied
Biologists (AAB), with the number
363.
Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.
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