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00.011.0.02. Hantavirus
Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006).
00.011.0.02. Hantavirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database,
version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA
Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/
This is a description of a
vertebrate virus at the genus level.
ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.011.0.02. Virus accession number:
011002GE. Obsolete virus code: 11.0.2.; superceded accession number: 11020000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID:
11598.
Name, Synonyms and Lineage
The taxon has the
accepted ICTV name.
Synonym(s): Hantaan group and related viruses (hemorrhagic fever with renal
syndrome). Virus is of the family 00.011.
Bunyaviridae; not assigned to an order.
Symptoms in the host are
well established and the causative agent is determined.
Distinct viral structures are visible in thin sections of infected tissue.
Particles contain nucleic acid which is
encapsidated.
Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. During
their life cycle, virions have an extracellular phase; occur in one phenotype
only and are encapsidated during extracellular phase. Virus may
be sequestered within inclusion bodies that are not occluded and
typically contain one nucleocapsid. Virus capsid is enveloped by a
single layer envelope. Virions are spherical to pleomorphic. Have no
protrusions. Virions measure 100-120-270 nm in
diameter. The envelope surrounds three nucleocapsids; has surface projections.
Surface projections are distinctive spikes which are
surrounded by a prominent fringe embedded in a lipid bilayer
that is 5 nm thick. Surface projections produce a grid-like
structure and are 5-10 nm long. Host
ribosomes are not seen inside the envelope. A regular capsid structure is
present. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical
symmetry. The ribonucleocapsid is filamentous with a length of
200-3000 nm (depending on arrangement) and a width of 2-2.5 nm. The
nucleocapsid is not segmented. Nucleocapsids are circular.
Virion populations are comprised of particles of uniform size
and only one species is recovered in preparations.
Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.2-1.21 g
cm-3.
The Mr
of the genome constitutes 1-2% of the virion by weight. The genome is
monomeric; segmented and consists of three segments of circular;
supercoiled, negative-sense and ambisense,
single-stranded RNA
that forms a non-covalently closed circle.
Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are not found in virions. The
complete genome is 11800-13800 nucleotides long. The RNA-L is
sequenced, complete sequence is about
6500-6550 nucleotides long. RNA-M is is about 3600 nucleotides long.
RNA-S is sequenced, but only an estimate is given, complete
sequence is 1700 nucleotides long. The genome has terminally redundant
sequences. The terminally redundant sequences have reiterated terminal
sequences. The genome sequence is repeated at both ends. Terminal nucleotides
are base-paired, forming non-covalently closed, circular RNAs. Nucleotide
sequences at the 3'-terminus are complementary to the 5' end and form a
panhandle. The 5'-terminal sequence has conserved regions and repeats
complementary to the 3'-terminus; terminal repeats at the 5'-end are 8
nucleotides long; at the 5'-end UAGUAGUA... The 5'-terminus has no
poly (C) tract. The 3'-terminus has conserved nucleotide sequences; of 11
nucleotides in length; at the 3' end AUCAUCAUCUG... The multipartite genome is
found in one type of particle only. Each virion contains a single copy of the
genome.
GenBank records for
nucleotide sequences;
complete genome sequences.
Proteins
constitute about over 50% of the particle weight.
The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.
Lipids are
present and located in the envelope. Virions are composed of
20-30% lipids by weight. The composition of viral lipids is known. The
composition of viral lipids and host cell membranes are similar. The lipids are
of host origin and are derived from plasma membranes. Viral
membranes include phospholipids, sterols, fatty acids, and glycolipids. Lipids
are not essential for infectivity.
Polyamines
Polyamines associated with the virion are not
present.
Coding Strategy of Segment 1: Sequence has no
gene blocks.
Translation: Replication does not
involve a reverse transcription step.
Virions are not dependent on a helper virus for replication.
Release: The outer envelope acquired
by budding. The outer envelope lipids are derived from cellular Golgi membranes,
or cell surface membranes (occasionally).
The virus is immunogenic.
Natural Host
Virus infects during its life cycle a variety of vertebrate hosts. Virus has an
enzootic cycle and is transmitted from rodents to humans, or rodents to other
vertebrates. Domain Viral hosts belong to the
Domain Eucarya.
Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Animalia.
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata.
Phylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata; Class Mammalia.
Class Mammalia
Order Primates;
Family
Hominidae.
Virus infects Homo sapiens (human).
Severity and Occurrence of
Disease
Host: Infection is apparent.
Virus is transmitted by a vector.
Type species 00.011.0.02.001.
Hantaan virus .
List of Species in the
Genus.
Data Sources and
Contributions
The
following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
PubMed References.
Taxonomic Proposals and Changes
Taxon images: • em_4corn.jpg.
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