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00.010.0.04.003. Tomato aspermy virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.010.0.04.003. Tomato aspermy virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: England; Great Britain (UK).

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Chrysanthemum morifolium.

Natural host and symptoms
Chrysanthemum morifolium — severe flower-breaking, dwarfing and malformation.

Lycopersicon esculentum — severe leaf malformation and seedless fruit.

Canna ssp., Lilium ssp. — mosaic.

Reference to Isolation Report
Ainsworth (1939, Blencowe and Caldwell (1949).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.010.0.04.003. Virus accession number: 10004003. Obsolete virus code: 10.0.4.0.003; superceded accession number: 10040003.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12315.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): chrysanthemum mild mottle virus, chrysanthemum mosaic virus, chrysanthemum aspermy virus. ICTV approved acronym: TAV. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is of the genus 00.010.0.04. Cucumovirus in the family 00.010. Bromoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is round to elongated with icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is isometric and has a diameter of 29 nm. Capsids appear round, or hexagonal in outline (V-strain). The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component.


































Electron micrograph of Bromoviridae.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Best to fix the virions with formaldehyde. Few virions are found in dips, and they are difficult to distinguish from normal cell components. Strains vary in stability in PTA; UA is better. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Marani (1969), a variant of Steere's method), Grogan et al. (1963), Hollings et al. (1968), Habili and Francki (1974b), Lot et al. (1972).



















Capsid structures, detailed structural and computational analysis are found in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) using VIPERdB, the VIrus Particle ExploreR 1laj.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.367 g cm-3 (labile in CsCl unless fixed; Habili and Francki, 1974a). The density of virions is 1.304 g/cm3 in Cs2SO4 (Hull, 1976). There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 98-100 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is 5.6. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 50-60°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 2-6 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 4-6. The infectivity is decreased when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 21.2% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented; tripartite, segements are distribute among 3 particle types of different size; consists of three segments of to four segments of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic mRNA and satellite RNA. The mRNA derived from genomic RNA-3. The complete genome is 8698 nucleotides long. RNA-1 is fully sequenced and complete sequence is the largest 3410 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number

[D01015] Em(40)_vi:TOARNA3 Gb(84)_vi:TOARNA3 Tomato aspermy virus, RNA3 genome segment, complete sequence. 8/92 2,214bp.
[D10044] Em(40)_vi:TOAVRNA1 Gb(84)_vi:TOAVRNA1 Tomato aspermy virus (V-TAV) RNA1. 2/92 3,410bp.
[D10663] Em(40)_vi:TOARNA2 Gb(84)_vi:TOARNA2 Tomato aspermy virus (TAV) RNA 2, complete sequence. 7/92 3,074bp.
[L15335] Em(40)_vi:TOA3APCOA Gb(84)_vi:TOA3APCOAT Tomato aspermy virus 3A protein and coat protein mRNA (RNA3), complete cds. 5/93 2,222bp.
[M10342] Em(40)_vi:CUTOARN Gb(84)_vi:TOARNAV4 Tomato aspermy virus (V-TAV) RNA 4, 3' end. 7/89 188bp.
[M10343] Em(40)_vi:CUTOARN2 Gb(84)_vi:TOARNAV3 Tomato aspermy virus (V-TAV) RNA 3, 3' end. 7/89 188bp
[M10344] Em(40)_vi:CUTOARN3 Gb(84)_vi:TOARNAV1 Tomato aspermy virus (V-TAV) RNA 1, 3' end. 7/89 189bp.
[M10345] Em(40)_vi:CUTOARN4 Gb(84)_vi:TOARNAN3 Tomato aspermy virus (N-TAV) RNA 3, 3' end. 7/89 189bp.
[M10346] Em(40)_vi:CUTOARNA Gb(84)_vi:TOARNAN1 Tomato aspermy virus (N-TAV) RNA 1, 3' end. 7/89 189bp.
[S72468] Gb(89)_un:S72468 capsid protein (RNA 3) (tomato aspermy virus TAV-B, Blencowe, Genomic RNA, 2213 nt). 1/95 2,2.

RNA-2 is sequenced, complete sequence is about 3074 nucleotides long. RNA-3 is sequenced, but only an estimate is given, complete sequence is 2214 nucleotides long. RNA-4 is subgenomic, has been sequenced, but only an estimate is provided, complete sequence is 1303 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 23.1 % guanine (TAV-Can), or 23.9 % guanine (TAV-V, 24.6 % adenine (TAV-V), or 26.2 % adenine (TAV-Can, 21.4 % cytosine (TAV-V), or 21.6 % cytosine (TAV-Can, 29 % uracil (TAV-Can), or 30.1 % uracil (TAV-V; Stace-Smith and Tremaine, 1973; Habili and Francki, 1974a). The 5'-end of the genome has a genome-linked protein (VPg). The 3'-terminus has a tRNA-like structure that can be aminoacylated with tyrosine. The genome has no intergenic poly (A) region. The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle and the segments are distributed between 3 different types of particles. The largest particles contain each one molecule of RNA-1 (sedimenting component B). The medium sized particles contain each one molecule of RNA-2 (sedimenting component M). The smallest particles contain one molecule each of RNA-3 and RNA-4 (sedimenting component T). Reference to nucleotide sequence Wilson and Symons (1981, 189 residues from 3' ends of RNAs of two Australian TAV isolates; isolation method by Habili and Francki (1974a).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 78.8% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Capsid protein is involved in viral encapsidation and involved in protein movement.

Reference to method of preparation: Habili and Francki (1974a).

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Habili and Francki (1974a).

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been isolated and 1 non-structural protein(s) are found.

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells; encoding the coat protein.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to cucumber mosaic and peanut stunt viruses (Waterworth et al., 1973).

Tomato aspermy and cucumber mosaic virus are similar; some isolates of each have serologically related virions and cross-protect plants against each other. Most strains of tomato aspermy virus differ from most of cucumber mosaic virus in that they (1) infect only the cotyledons of cucumber; (2) induce seedlessness of tomato fruit; (3) induce enations to form on the abaxial surfaces of leaves of several Nicotiana species; and (4) infect Chrysanthemum morifolium.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ASTERIDAE; Order Asterales.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist (but vary from plant to plant).

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds (transmitted in seeds of Stellaria media; Noordam et al., 1965).

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae (Kennedy et al., 1962, Myzus persicae and many other species. Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Cannaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Liliaceae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Canna, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Cucumis sativus, Lilium, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Stellaria media, Vigna unguiculata.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Cucumis sativus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Nicotiana glutinosa — chlorotic or ring local lesions, severe blister-mottle with malformation and dwarfing. Leaves become tendril-like and enations form on abaxial leaf surfaces.

Nicotiana tabacum — severe mottle, dwarfing and malformation; symptoms less diagnostic than in N. glutinosa.

Nicotiana clevelandii — severe mottling, dwarfing and malformation.

Cucumis sativus — small local chlorotic spots in cotyledons only; type strain does not infect.

Lycopersicon esculentum — leaf mottling, malformation, dwarfing, fruits dwarfed, malformed and seedless.

Phaseolus vulgaris — small pale necrotic local lesions in winter, not infected by type strain.

Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa — numerous chlorotic or necrotic local lesions; not systemic.

Vigna unguiculata — necrotic local lesions; not infected by type strain.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Nicotiana glutinosa — maintenance. Nicotiana clevelandii — purification.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium amaranticolor (L, Chenopodium quinoa (L, Vigna unguiculata (L).

References to host data: Brierley (1955, Govier (1957, Hollings (1955, Hollings et al. (1968, Noordam (1952, Oertel (1967).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant and particularly in the mesophyll. Virions are found in the cytoplasm and cell vacuole.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are crystals. Inclusions contain mature virions.

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in Eurasia. The virus occurs in Australia, Canada, India, Japan, New Zealand (Aotearoa), the United States of America, and the USSR (former).

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Hollings and Kassanis (1957, Brierley and Lorentz (1980, most strains of the virus can be eliminated from Chrysanthemum after c. 4 weeks at 37°C; or by meristem-tip culture (Dunez and Monsion, 1968). A few heat-tolerant isolates have been found in Britain, able to persist at 37°C, but their other properties were similar to those of typical strains.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Type strain, TAV-Can (Blencowe and Caldwell, 1949; Hollings and Stone, 1969) and TAV-V (Habili and Francki, 1974a,b).

References

Ainsworth, G.C. (1939). Rep. Exp. Res. Stn Cheshunt, 1938, p. 60.

Bernal, J.J., Moriones, E. and Garcia-Arenal, F. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 2191.

Blencowe, J.W. and Caldwell, J. (1949). Ann. appl. Biol. 36: 320.

Brierley, P. (1955). Phytopathology 45: 2.

Brierley, P. and Lorentz, P. (1960). Phytopathology 50: 404.

Christie, R.G. and Edwardson, J.R. (1977). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 9, p.89.

Dunez, J. and Monsion, M. (1968). Annls. ?piphyt. 19: 165.

Govier, D.A. (1957). Ann. appl. Biol. 45: 62.

Grogan, R.G., Uyemoto, JK and Kimble, K.A. (1963). Virology 21: 36.

Habili, N. and Francki, RIB. (1974a). Virology 57: 392.

Habili, N. and Francki, RIB. (1974b). Virology 60: 29.

Hollings, M. (1955). Ann. appl. Biol. 43: 86.

Hollings, M. and Kassanis, B. (1957). J. R. hort. Soc. 82: 339.

Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1969). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1967, p. 95.

Hollings, M and Stone, O.M. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 79, 4 pp.

Hollings, M., Stone, O.M. and Brunt, A.A. (1968). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1968, p. 95.

Hull, R. (1976). Virology 75: 18.

Kennedy, J.S., Day, MF and Eastop, V.F. (1962). A Conspectus of Aphids as Vectors of Plant Viruses. Comm. Inst. Ent., London.

Lot, H., Marrou, J., Quiot, J.B. and Esvan, C. (1972). Annls. Phytopath. 4: 25.

Marani, F. (1969). Phytopathol. Medit. 8: 142.

Moriones, E., Roossinck, M. and Garcia-Arenal, F. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 779.

Noordam, D. (1952). Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 58: 121.

Noordam, D., Bijl, M., Overbeek, S.C. and Quiniones, S.S. (1965). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 71: 61.

O'Reilly, D., Thomas, C.J.R. and Coutts, RHA (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 1.

Oertel, C. (1967). Zbl. Bakt. ParasitKde. Abt. 2, 121: 276.

Stace-Smith, R. and Tremaine, J.H. (1973). Virology 51: 401.

Waterworth, H.E., Monroe, R.L. and Kahn, R.P. (1973). Phytopathology 63: 93.

Wilson, P.A. and Symons, RH (1981). Virology 112: 342.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 821 by J. Hammond and J.M. Kaper, 1986; N. Habili, 1987.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 79.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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