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00.010.0.03.005. Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.010.0.03.005. Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Illinois; the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Phaseolus vulgaris.

Natural host and symptoms
Vigna unguiculata, Glycine max — bright leaf mottle.

Reference to Isolation Report
Bancroft (1971, Ahlquist et al. (1981).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.010.0.03.005. Virus accession number: 10003005. Obsolete virus code: 10.0.3.0.005; superceded accession number: 10030005.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12303.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): bean yellow stipple virus, virus del moteado amarillo. ICTV approved acronym: CCMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.010.0.03. Bromovirus in the family 00.010. Bromoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 26 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component.

Electron micrograph of other Bromoviridae can be found in the Picture Gallery.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Lane (1974). Bromoviridae.

    


3D image of virus reconstruction and capsid structures, detailed structural and computational analysis are found in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) using VIPERdB, the VIrus Particle ExploreR 1cwp.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.36 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations, or 3 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations (1 component at pH 3-6, 3 components at pH 7). The sedimentation coefficient is 88 S20w (at pH 3-6). Isoelectric point pH is 3.7. A260/A280 ratio is 1.7. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 67-76°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 1-44 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3-5. Under in vitro conditions virions are stable in acid environment of pH 4-5. The infectivity is increased by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with proteases, or decreased when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 23.7% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented; tripartite, segements are distribute among 3 particle types of different size; consists of three segments of to four segments of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA, that is mRNA derived from genomic RNA-3. The complete genome is 8444 nucleotides long, is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 3171 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number
[J02052] Em(40)_vi:CORNA3 Gb(84)_vi:MCCRNA3 Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus RNA 3, complete coat protein cds and complete RNA 4 span. 6/94
[K01779] Em(40)_vi:CORNA1 Gb(84)_vi:MCCRNA1 Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus RNA 1, 3' end. 6/94 208bp.
[K01780] Em(40)_vi:CORNA2 Gb(84)_vi:MCCRNA2 Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus RNA 2, 3' end. 6/94 234bp.
[M18658] Em(40)_vi:BRMCCRNA Gb(84)_vi:MCCRNA4 Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) RNA 4, 3' end. 7/89 166bp.
[M28817] Gb(84)_vi:MCCRNAA2 Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus RNA2, encoding 2a protein, complete cds. 3/90 2,774bp.
[M28818] Em(40)_vi:MCCRNAA3 Gb(84)_vi:MCCRNAA3 Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus RNA3, encoding 3a protein and coat protein, complete cds. 4/90
[M65139] Em(40)_vi:MCCP1A Gb(84)_vi:MCCP1A Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) 1a protein gene, complete cds. 8/92 3,171bp. 7 sequences.

RNA-2 is sequenced and complete sequence is about 3100 nucleotides long. RNA-3 is sequenced and complete sequence is 2173 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of 26.4 % guanine; 25.3 % adenine; 20.3 % cytosine; 28.2 % uracil. The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap. The 3'-terminus has a tRNA-like structure that can be aminoacylated with tyrosine. The genome has no intergenic poly (A) region. The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle and the segments are distributed between 3 different types of particles. The largest particles contain each one molecule of RNA-1 (sedimenting component B). The medium sized particles contain each one molecule of RNA-2 (sedimenting component M). The smallest particles contain one molecule each of RNA-3 and RNA-4 (sedimenting component T). Reference to nucleotide sequence Gunn et al. (1980, Ahlquist et al. (1981).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 76.3% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s) located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Capsid protein is involved in viral encapsidation and involved in protein movement.

Reference to method of preparation: Lane: salt dissociation with NaCl or CaCl2.

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Casey (1979, Rees et al. (1979).

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells; a transcription of the coat protein mRNA; encoding the coat protein.

Translation: Coat protein mRNA is translated in the cytoplasm.

The genome replicates in probably the cytoplasm (but there is no direct evidence).

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to brome mosaic virus, but distantly; broad bean mottle virus is very distantly related.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ROSIDAE; Order Fabales.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Coleoptera; Ceratoma ruficornis, C. trifurcata, Diabrotica balteata, D. undecimpunctata.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Beta vulgaris, Cajanus cajan, Cassia occidentalis, Cassia tora, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium hybridum, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Lablab purpureus, Lupinus albus, Macroptilium lathyroides, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana tabacum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis , Zea mays.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of necrotic local lesions or streaks, mosaics.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Compositae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, or Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Arachis hypogaea, Capsicum frutescens, Crotalaria spectabilis, Desmodium tortuosum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana glutinosa, Physalis peruviana, Zinnia elegans.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Chenopodium hybridum, C. quinoa, Glycine max — necrotic local lesions or streaks.

Vigna unguiculata — systemic mosaic, mottle, streaks.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Chenopodium quinoa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, Nicotiana benthamiana.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium hybridum (L), Glycine max (L).

References to host data: Kuhn (1964, Lane (1974, 1981).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm and cell vacuole.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Inclusions are of irregular or crystalloid structure. Inclusions contain mature virions. Other cellular changes include proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Costa Rica and the United States of America.

References

Ahlquist, P., Dasgupta, R. and Kaesberg, P. (1981). Cell 23: 183.

Bancroft, J.B. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 49, 4 pp.

Bancroft, J.B., Hiebert, E., Rees, M.W. and Markham, R. (1968). Virology 34: 224.

Casey, R. (1979). J. gen. Virol. 43: 143.

Christie, R.G. and Edwardson, J.R. (1977). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 9, p. 115.

Dzianott, AM. and Bujarski, J.J. (1991). Virology 185: 553.

Gunn, MR and Symons, RH (1980). FEBS. Lett. 115: 77.

Kuhn, CW (1964). Phytopathology 54: 739.

Lane, LC (1974). Adv. Virus Res. 19: 151.

Lane, LC (1981). In: Handbook of Plant Virus Infections and Comparative Diagnosis, p. 333; ed. E. Kurstak. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.

Langenberg, WG (1979). J. Ultrastruct. Res. 66: 120.

Malorni, M.C. (1979). Rep. John Innes Inst. 1979, p.101.

Rees, M.W. and Short, M.N. (1980). Rep. John Innes Inst. 1979, p.102. The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 249 by L.C. Lane, 1981. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 49.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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