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00.010.0.03.003. Brome mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.010.0.03.003. Brome mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Bromus inermis.

Natural host and symptoms
Bromus inermis — mosaic.

Reference to Isolation Report
McKinney et al. (1942).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.010.0.03.003. Virus accession number: 10003003. Obsolete virus code: 10.0.3.0.003; superceded accession number: 10030003.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12302.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): Weidelgrasmosaikvirus, ryegrass streak virus, Trespengrasmosaikvirus. ICTV approved acronym: BMV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.010.0.03. Bromovirus in the family 00.010. Bromoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 26 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible (Bancroft et al., 1967). Virus preparations contain more than one particle component.





















Electron micrograph of Brome mosaic virus.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Lane and Kaesberg (1971, Lane (1977).




















3D image of virus reconstruction frrom Viper.

Capsid structures, detailed structural and computational analysis are found in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) using VIPERdB, the VIrus Particle ExploreR 1js9.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.35 g cm-3 (Bancroft, 1971). There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 87.3 S20w (at pH 3-6, of the other(s) are 78.7 S20w (at pH 7; Incardona and Kaesberg, 1964). Isoelectric point pH is 6.8 (Rice and Horst, 1972). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 80°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 28 days (or longer). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 4-5.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 22% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented, tripartite (segements are distribute among 3 particle types of different size), and consists of three segments of to four segments of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA, that is mRNA (RNA-4, derived from genomic RNA-3. The complete genome is 8216 nucleotides long and is fully sequenced. Sequence has the accession number
[J02042] Em(40)_vi:MBRCG3Z Gb(84)_vi:MBRCG3Z Brome mosaic virus (Russian strain) RNA 3 (and RNA 4), of complete genome. 6/94 2,111bp.
[K01774] Em(40)_vi:BRMBRR05 Gb(84)_vi:MBRRNA1 Brome mosaic virus (Russian strain) RNA 1, 3' end. 6/94 260bp.
[K01775] Em(40)_vi:BRMBRR06 Gb(84)_vi:MBRRNA2 Brome mosaic virus (Russian strain) RNA 2, 3' end. 6/94 265bp
[K02706] Gb(84)_vi:MBRCG1Z Brome mosaic virus RNA 1 of complete genome. 11/85 3,234bp.
[K02707] Gb(84)_vi:MBRCG2Z Brome mosaic virus RNA 2 of complete genome. 11/85 2,865bp.
[M10570] Em(40)_vi:BRMBRR04 Gb(84)_vi:MBRRNA4A Brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA 4, 3' end. 7/89 227bp.
[M12024] Em(40)_vi:BRMBRTRL Gb(84)_vi:MBRTRLA Brome mosaic virus 3' terminal tRNA-like structure. 4/90 131bp
[M12675] Em(40)_vi:BRMBRR03 Gb(84)_vi:MBRRNA3B Brome mosaic virus RNA encoding coat protein, partial cd. 4/90 53bp.
[M18690] Em(40)_vi:BRMBRR02 Gb(84)_vi:MBRRNA3A Brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA 3, 3' end. 7/89 227bp.
[M19306] Em(40)_vi:BRMBRRNA Gb(84)_vi:MBRRNA1A Brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA 1, 3' end. 7/89 170bp.
[M19307] Em(40)_vi:BRMBRR01 Gb(84)_vi:MBRRNA2A Brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA 2, 3' end. 7/89 196bp.
[M19550] Em(40)_sy:AGRNA3C Gb(84)_sy:SYNRNA3C Synthetic Brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA 3' end/CAT gene from pB3CA42, partial cds. 4/90 50bp.
[M19552] Em(40)_sy:AGRNA3E Gb(84)_sy:SYNRNA3E Synthetic brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA 3' with CAT gene from plasmid pB3CA71, partial cd. 4/9
[M19553] Em(40)_sy:AGRNA301 Gb(84)_sy:SYNRNA3D Synthetic brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA 3' with CAT gene from plasmid pB3CA61, partial cds. 4/
[M25172] Em(40)_vi:BRMBR5RN Gb(84)_vi:MBR5RNA3 Brome mosaic virus RNA-3, 5' end. 1/90 164bp.
[V00099] Em(40)_vi:BRBMV3 Gb(84)_vi:BRBMV3 Brome mosaic virus complete sequence of RNA 3 encoding cistron 3a and the coat protein. 6/94
[X01678] Em(40)_vi:BRBMV2 Gb(84)_vi:BRBMV2 Brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA2. 9/93 2,865bp
[X02380] Em(40)_vi:BRBMV1 Gb(84)_vi:BRBMV1 Brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA1 sequence. 9/93 3,234bp.
[X58456] Em(43)_vi:Bmv1aprot Gb(89)_vi:Bmv1aprot Brome mosaic virus mRNA for 1a protein. 10/94 3,234bp.
[X58457] Em(43)_vi:Bmv2aprot Gb(89)_vi:Bmv2aprot Brome mosaic virus mRNA for 2a protein. 10/94 2,867bp. v [X58458] Em(43)_vi:Bmv3aprot Gb(89)_vi:Bmv3aprot Brome mosaic virus mRNA for 3a protein and coat protein. 10/94 2,114bp.

RNA-2 is sequenced and complete sequence is about 2865 nucleotides long. RNA-3 is sequenced and complete sequence is about 2117 nucleotides long.
The genome has a base ratio of 28 % guanine; 27 % adenine; 21 % cytosine; 24 % uracil. The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap (of 7-methyl guanosine). The 3'-terminus has a tRNA-like structure that can be aminoacylated with tyrosine. The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle and the segments are distributed between 3 different types of particles. The largest particles contain each one molecule of RNA-1 (sedimenting component B). The medium sized particles contain each one molecule of RNA-2 (sedimenting component M). The smallest particles contain one molecule each of RNA-3 and RNA-4 (sedimenting component T). Reference to nucleotide sequence Bastin et al. (1976, P. Kaesberg in Lane (1977, DasGupta et al. (1975, isolation method by Bockstahler and Kaesberg (1962; 1965).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 78% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s) located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Capsid protein is involved in viral encapsidation and involved in protein movement.

Reference to method of preparation: Stubbs and Kaesberg (1964).

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Stubbs and Kaesberg (1964, Ahlquist et al. (1981).

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been isolated (Hariharasubramanian et al. (1973), and 1 non-structural protein is found.

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells; encoding the coat protein.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to cowpea chlorotic mottle virus, but distantly (Scott and Slack, 1971).

RNA-1 and RNA-2 from brome mosaic virus and RNA-3 from cowpea chlorotic mottle virus form a viable genetic hybrid, although this replicates more slowly and has a narrower host range (Bancroft, 1972). This indicates their close relationship. Brome mosaic and broad bean mottle viruses also are related as shown by their physical properties of their virions and similar coat protein composition.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are Brome mosaic virus is distinguishable from most other viruses of Gramineae by its symptoms in maize and by its ability to infect several non-graminaceous hosts.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae)
Subclass COMMELINIDAE; Order Poales;
Family Poaceae. Virus found in Bromus inermis.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

In laboratory tests, nematodes of the genus Xiphinema transmitted the virus (Schmidt et al., 1963; Fritzsche, 1975). Attempts to transmit the virus with aphids and mites have been unsuccessful (Lane, 1974). Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seeds (Lane, 1974).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Bromus inermis, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium hybridum, Chenopodium quinoa, Hordeum vulgare, Zea mays.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of local lesions, systemic necrosis.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Zea mays —lesions then systemic necrosis and death.

Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. hybridum, C. quinoa — local lesions; not systemic.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Hordeum vulgare.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium hybridum (L).

References to host data: Lane (1974, Rochow (1959).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in leaves and mesophyll. Virions are found in the cytoplasm, perinuclear space, and chloroplast (within invaginations; Paliwal, 1970).

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are crystals. Other cellular changes include virions which can associate in a helical array around the outside of membranous tubules and are about 30 nm in diameter (Burges et al., 1974).

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in Eurasia (eastern). The virus occurs in Australia, South Africa, and the United States of America (central).

References

Ahlquist, P., Luckow and Kaesberg, P. (1981). J. mol. Biol. 153: 23.

Bancroft, J.B. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 3, 3 pp.

Bancroft, J.B. (1971). Virology 45: 830.

Bancroft, J.B. (1972). J. gen. Virol. 14: 223.

Bancroft, J.B., Hills, G.J. and Markham, R. (1967). Virology 31: 354.

Bastin, M., DasGupta, R., Hall, T.C. and Kaesberg, P. (1976). J. mol. Biol. 103: 737.

Bockstahler, L.E. and Kaesberg, P. (1962). Biophys. J. 2: 1.

Bockstahler, L.E. and Kaesberg, P. (1965). J. mol. Biol. 13: 127.

Burgess, J., Motoyoshi, F. and Fleming, E.N. (1974). Planta 117: 133.

DasGupta, R., Shih, D.S., Saris, C. and Kaesberg, P. (1972). Biochem. J. 129: 969.

Fritzsche, R. (1975). Archiv. Phytopath. PflSchutz. 11: 197.

Hariharasubramanian, V., Hadidi, A, Singer, B. and Fraenkel-Conrat, H. (1973). Virology 54: 190.

Incardona, N.L. and Kaesberg, P. (1964). Biophys. J. 4: 11.

Lane, LC (1974). Adv. Virus Res. 19: 151.

Lane, LC (1977). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 183, 4 pp.

Lane, LC and Kaesberg, P. (1971). Nature, New Biol. 232: 40.

McKinney, H.H., Fellows, H. and Johnston, C.O. (1942). Phytopathology 32: 331.

Paliwal, Y.C. (1970). J. Ultrastruct. Res. 30: 491.

Rice, RH and Horst, J. (1972). Virology 49: 602.

Rochow, W.F. (1959). Phytopathology 49: 126.

Schmidt, H.B., Fritsche, R. and Lehmann, W. (1963). Naturw. 50: 386.

Stubbs, J.D. and Kaesberg, P. (1964). J. mol. Biol. 8: 314.

Von Wechmar, M.B. and van Regenmortel, M.H.V. (1968). Virology 34: 36.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 119 by C. Büchen-Osmond, 1987.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 180.

Images

Taxon images: • EM by Robert G. Milne. • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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