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00.010.0.02.016. Spinach latent virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.010.0.02.016. Spinach latent virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: plants grown from seed of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) from several countries.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Spinacia oleracea.

Natural host and symptoms
Spinacia oleracea — symptomless or transient faint mosaic and vein clearing. Comments on host and host range: infection in most species is symptomless.

Reference to Isolation Report
Bos et al. (1980).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.010.0.02.016. Virus accession number: 10002016. Obsolete virus code: 10.0.2.06.01; superceded accession number: 10020601.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 42680.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): GE 36 virus (Van der Meer, 1968; Maat and Vink, 1971). ICTV approved acronym: SpLV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.010.0.02. Ilarvirus in the family 00.010. Bromoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is round to elongated with icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is isometric and has a diameter of 27 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component.
























Electron micrograph of Bromoviridae.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virions are labile and difficult to locate without fixation. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Bos et al. (1980).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

The density of virions is 1.269 in Cs2SO4. There are 3 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is of the fastest 103 S20w (B, of the other(s) are 87 and 98 S20w (T and (M), respectively). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 60-65°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 6-8 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3-4.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is segmented; tripartite, segements are distribute among 3 particle types of different size; consists of five segments of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA. The complete genome is 11295 nucleotides long, is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 3662 nucleotides long. RNA-2 is sequenced, complete sequence is about 3324 nucleotides long. RNA-3 is sequenced, but only an estimate is given, complete sequence is 2563 nucleotides long. RNA-4 is subgenomic, has been sequenced, but only an estimate is provided, complete sequence is 986 nucleotides long. Subgenomic RNA-4 is an mRNA derived from RNA-3 negative strand template has been sequenced, but only an estimate is presented, complete sequence is 760 nucleotides long. The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle and the segments are distributed between 3 different types of particles. The largest particles contain each one molecule of RNA-1 (sedimenting component B). The medium sized particles contain each one molecule of RNA-2 (sedimenting component M). The smallest particles contain one molecule each of RNA-3 and RNA-4 (sedimenting component T). Reference to nucleotide sequence Bos et al. (1980).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s) located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Capsid protein is involved in viral encapsidation and involved in protein movement.

Reference to method of preparation: Bos et al. (1980).

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is not infectious; a successful infection by the virus requires the subgenomic mRNA encoding the coat protein, or the coat protein specifically associated with RNA 3'-terminal sequences for replicase recognition.

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to apple mosaic, elm mottle, lilac ring mottle, Prunus necrotic ringspot and tobacco streak viruses (but ilarviruses are poorly immunogenic).

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are Cucumber mosaic virus induces characteristic local lesions in Chenopodium quinoa and infects cucumber and Nicotiana ssp. systemically. Cucumber mosaic virus and tobacco rattle virus rarely infect Chenopodium quinoa systemically. Spinach latent virus induces characteristic local and systemic reactions in Chenopodium quinoa.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass CARYOPHYLLIDAE; Order Caryophyllales.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms disappear soon after infection.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by seeds; transmitted by pollen to the seed and transmitted by pollen to the pollinated plant (Stefanac and Wrischer, 1983).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Polemoniaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Amaranthus retroflexus, Antirrhinum majus, Beta macrocarpa, Beta vulgaris, Celosia argentea, Celosia cristata, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phlox drummondii, Spinacia oleracea, Tetragonia tetragonioides.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Apocynaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, or Labiatae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae, Umbelliferae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Apium graveolens, Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Catharanthus roseus, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Datura stramonium, Hyoscyamus niger, Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Medicago sativa, Ocimum basilicum, Petroselinum crispum, Physalis floridana, Pisum sativum, Sinapis alba, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Zinnia elegans.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Beta vulgaris — small chlorotic or etched rings.

Celosia cristata — symptomless.

Chenopodium amaranticolor — pin- point desiccated chlorotic local lesions.

Chenopodium quinoa — diffuse chlorotic local lesions then systemic leaf rolling, chlorotic vein banding, mottling, stunting and tip blight.

Cucumis sativus cv. Gele Tros — transient chlorotic local lesions.

Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Bataaf — necrotic local lesions.

Nicotiana clevelandii, N. rustica, N. glutinosa, N. tabacum, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Gomphrena globosa — symptomless systemic infection. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Apium graveolens, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Datura stramonium, Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Pisum sativum.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana spp.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), C. quinoa (L) and (W), Phaseolus vulgaris (L).

References to host data: Bos et al. (1980).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in leaves and mesophyll.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are not present in infected cells. Other cellular changes include groups of vesicles surrounded by a unit membrane in cytoplasm and small vacuoles of leaf parenchyma cells (Stefanac and Wrischer, 1983).

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in the Netherlands, the United States of America, and Yugoslavia.

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Bos et al. (1980).

References

Bos, L. (1984). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 281, 4 pp.

Bos, L., Huttinga, H. and Maat, D.Z. (1980). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 86: 79.

Maat, D.Z. and Vink, J. (1971). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 77: 93.

Stefanac, Z. (1978). Acta bot. CroAT 37: 39.

Stefanac, Z. and Wrischer, M. (1983). Acta bot. CroAT 42: 1.

Van der Meer, F.A. (1968). TagBer. dt. Akad. Landw. Berlin 97: 27. The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 749 by L. Bos, 1987. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 281.



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ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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