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00.010.0.02.015. Prunus necrotic ringspot virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.010.0.02.015. Prunus necrotic ringspot virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Prunus persica.

Natural host and symptoms
Prunus cerasus — dark necrotic lines and rings, shotholes, recovery.

Prunus persica — brown lines and rings, recovery.

Rosa (rose) — chlorotic lines and rings, oak leaf patterns, no recovery.

Prunus (plum) — chlorotic lines and rings only some strains.

Prunus (almond) — bright mosaic.

Humulus (hops) — no symptoms.

Cucumis sativus — chlorotic local lesions, systemic necrosis and severe stunting. Comments on host and host range: Isolates may vary in host range in regard to certain species.

Reference to Isolation Report
Cochran and Hutchins (1941).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.010.0.02.015. Virus accession number: 10002015. Obsolete virus code: 10.0.2.03.02; superceded accession number: 10020302.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 37733.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): European plum line pattern virus, hop B virus, hop C virus, peach ringspot virus, plum line pattern virus, Prunus ringspot virus, red currant necrotic ringspot virus, rose chlorotic mottle virus, rose line pattern virus, rose vein banding virus, rose yellow vein mosaic virus (Sastry, 1966), sour cherry necrotic ringspot virus. ICTV approved acronym: PNRSV. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is of the genus 00.010.0.02. Ilarvirus in the family 00.010. Bromoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is round to elongated with icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is isometric and has a diameter of 23, 25, and 27 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component.
























Electron micrograph of Bromoviridae.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Fix in 1% glutaraldehyde. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Fulton (1968).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.35 g cm-3 (unfixed). There are 3 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is of the fastest 95 S20w (B, of the other(s) are 72 S20w (T), or 90 S20w (M; the B and M components required for infection). A260/A280 ratio is 1.56 (B). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 55-62°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 0.4-0.75 days (6-18 hours). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2-3 (in presence of antioxidant).

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 16% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented, tripartite (segements are distribute among 3 particle types of different size), and consists of four segments of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA, that is mRNA derived from genomic RNA-3. The complete genome is 8056 nucleotides long. RNA-1 is fully sequenced and complete sequence is 3662 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number

[L38823] Em(43)_vi:Pvnmopr Gb(89)_vi:Pvnmopr Prunus necrotic ringspot virus movement protein gene, complete cds and coat protein gene.

RNA-2 is sequenced, complete sequence is about 2507 nucleotides long. RNA-3 is sequenced, but only an estimate is given, complete sequence is 1887 nucleotides long. RNA-4 is subgenomic. Subgenomic RNA-4 is an mRNA derived from RNA-3 negative strand template. The genome has a base ratio of 27 % guanine; 25 % adenine; 21 % cytosine; 27 % uracil. The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle and the segments are distributed between 3 different types of particles. The largest particles contain each one molecule of RNA-1 (sedimenting component B). The medium sized particles contain each one molecule of RNA-2 (sedimenting component M). The smallest particles contain one molecule each of RNA-3 and RNA-4 (sedimenting component T). Reference to nucleotide sequence Loesch and Fulton (1975).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 84% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Capsid protein is involved in viral encapsidation and involved in protein movement.

Reference to method of preparation: Gonsalves and Fulton (1977).

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is not infectious; a successful infection by the virus requires the coat protein specifically associated with RNA 3'-terminal sequences for replicase recognition.

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells; encoding the coat protein.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to virions of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus share some serological determinants with those of apple mosaic. The virus does not show serological relationships to tobacco streak, Asparagus 2, citrus leaf rugose, citrus variegation, elm mottle, Tulare apple mosaic and prune dwarf viruses.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ROSIDAE; Order Rosales.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist (in some hosts), or disappear soon after infection (in some hosts).

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds (to over 80% in Prunus pennsylvanica but much less in peach, transmitted by pollen to the seed and transmitted by pollen to the pollinated plant.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Cannabidaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae, Rosaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Antirrhinum majus, Cassia tora, Catharanthus roseus, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Gomphrena globosa, Gossypium hirsutum, Helianthus annuus, Humulus, Lactuca sativa, Lupinus albus, Melilotus albus, Momordica balsamina, Nicotiana benthamiana, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Prunus, Prunus cerasus, Prunus persica, Prunus serrulata, Rosa, Sesbania exaltata, Trifolium repens, Vigna unguiculata, Zinnia elegans.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, Labiatae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Plantaginaceae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Crotalaria spectabilis, Cucumis melo, Lagenaria siceraria, Nepeta cataria, Nicotiana tabacum, Plantago virginica, Tithonia speciosa.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Cucumis sativus — large yellow chlorotic local lesions in cotyledons, growing point stunted.

Momordica balsamina — necrotic local lesions.

Cyamopsis tetragonoloba — dark necrotic local lesions.

Chenopodium quinoa — systemic mottle.

Prunus serrulata — local necrosis and gumming at site of grafts.

Lupinus albus — systemic mottle.

Helianthus annuus — systemic chlorotic lines and rings.

Cassia tora — local and systemic ringspotting.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Tithonia speciosa, Lagenaria siceraria, Nepeta cataria, Crotalaria spectabilis, Plantago virginica.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Cucumis sativus, Catharanthus roseus.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Momordica balsamina (L), Cucumis sativus (W), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L).

References to host data: Fulton (1957).

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Cherry rugose mosaic virus, Danish plum line pattern virus and North American plum line pattern virus.

References

Barbara, D.J., Clark, MF, Thresh, J.M. and Casper, R. (1979). Ann. appl. Biol. 90: 395.

Cation, D. (1949). Phytopathology 39: 37.

Cochran, LC and Hutchins, LM (1941). Phytopathology 31B 860.

Cropley, R., Gilmer, RM and Posnette, AF (1964). Ann. appl. Biol. 53: 325.

Fulton, R.W. (1957). Phytopathology 47: 215.

Fulton, R.W. (1957). Phytopathology 47: 683.

Fulton, R.W. (1958). Virology 6: 499.

Fulton, R.W. (1968). Phytopathology 58: 635.

Fulton, R.W. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 5, 4 pp.

George, J.A. and Davidson, T.R. (1963). Can. J. Pl. Sci. 43: 276.

Gonsalves, D. and Fulton, R.W. (1977). Virology 81: 398.

Loesch, LS and Fulton, R.W. (1975). Virology 68: 71.

Moore, J.D., Boyle, J.S. and Keitt, G.W. (1948). Science 108: 623.

Sastry, K.S. (1966). Indian Phytopath. 19: 316.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 658 by R.W. Fulton, 1985. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 5.

Images

Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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