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00.010.0.02.014. Prune dwarf virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.010.0.02.014. Prune dwarf virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Prunus domestica.

Natural host and symptoms
Prunus domestica — leathery, strap- like leaves.

Prunus cerasus — leaf yellowing and abscission.

Prunus persica — stunting. Comments on host and host range: some isolates differ in host range.

Reference to Isolation Report
Thomas and Hildebrand (1936).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.010.0.02.014. Virus accession number: 10002014. Obsolete virus code: 10.0.2.04.01; superceded accession number: 10020401.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 33760.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): cherry chlorotic ringspot virus, peach stunt virus, sour cherry yellows virus. ICTV approved acronym: PDV. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus 00.010.0.02. Ilarvirus in the family 00.010. Bromoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is round to elongated with icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is isometric and has a diameter of 19-20 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component. The capsids and segments have different lengths, but constant diameter with a length of 20 nm, or 23 nm, or 26 nm, or 38 nm (some 20x73 nm). The nucleocapsid is segmented.
























Electron micrograph of Bromoviridae.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Fixation in 0.5% acrolein plus 0.5% glutaraldehyde.

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.33 g cm-3 (when fixed in formaldehyde). There are 5 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations (Halk and Fulton, 1978). The sedimentation coefficient is of the fastest 113 S20w; of the other(s) are 75 S20w, or 81 S20w, or 85 S20w, or 98 S20w (the 98 and 113 S virions contain the genome). A260/A280 ratio is 1.56 (for each). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 45-54°C (in extracts with antioxidant). The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 0.5-0.75 days (12-18 hours). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2-3.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 14% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented, tripartite (segements are distribute among 3 particle types of different size), and consists of three segments of to four segments of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA, is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 2129 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number

[L28145] Em(40)_vi:PDVMOVCAP Gb(84)_vi:PDVMOVCAP Prune dwarf virus movement protein, complete cds; coat protein, complete cds. 5/94 2,129bp. 1 sequence.

[U31310] Em(44)n:Pd31310 Gb(90)_vi:Pdu31310 Prune dwarf virus coat protein mRNA, complete cds. 7/95 657bp.

RNA-4 is subgenomic. Subgenomic RNA-4 is an mRNA . Subgenomic RNA-4 derived from RNA-3 negative strand template. The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle and the segments are distributed between 3 different types of particles. The largest particles contain each one molecule of RNA-1 (sedimenting component B). The medium sized particles contain each one molecule of RNA-2 (sedimenting component M). The smallest particles contain one molecule each of RNA-3 and RNA-4 (sedimenting component T). Reference to nucleotide sequence Halk and Fulton (1978).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 86% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of probably 1 structural protein(s) located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Capsid protein is involved in viral encapsidation and involved in protein movement.

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to apple mosaic, Prunus necrotic ringspot, tobacco streak, Asparagus 2, citrus leaf rugose, citrus variegation, elm mottle and Tulare apple mosaic viruses.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ROSIDAE; Order Rosales.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds (to 10% in Prunus cerasus, transmitted by pollen to the seed and transmitted by pollen to the pollinated plant.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Apocynaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae, Polemoniaceae, Rosaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Thunbergiaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Antirrhinum majus, Catharanthus roseus, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Datura stramonium, Gossypium hirsutum, Helianthus annuus, Ipomoea nil, Lactuca sativa, Melilotus albus, Melilotus officinalis, Momordica balsamina, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana occidentalis, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Petunia x hybrida, Phlox drummondii, Prunus cerasus, Prunus domestica, Prunus persica, Sesbania exaltata, Thunbergia alata, Tithonia speciosa, Trifolium repens, Zinnia elegans.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, or Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Cassia tora, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Physalis floridana.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Cucumis sativus — small chlorotic local lesions; systemic mosaic.

Cucurbita maxima — interveinal chlorosis.

Sesbania exaltata — small dark local lesions in cotyledons; not systemic.

Crotalaria spectabilis — small dark local lesions.

Momordica balsamina — chlorotic local lesions; systemic mottle.

Tithonia speciosa — prominent chlorotic lines and rings.

Phlox drummondii — systemic mottle.

Thunbergia alata — systemic chlorotic rings.

Melilotus officinalis — systemic mottle. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Gomphrena globosa, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Physalis floridana, Cassia tora.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Cucurbita maxima cv. Buttercup, Nicotiana occidentalis.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Sesbania exaltata (L), Crotalaria spectabilis (L), Cucumis sativus (W).

References to host data: Fulton (1957).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant.

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide.

References

Cation, D. (1949). Phytopathology 39: 37.

Cropley, R., Gilmer, RM and Posnette, AF (1964). Ann. appl. Biol. 53: 325.

Fulton, R.W. (1957). Phytopathology 47: 215.

Fulton, R.W. (1957). Phytopathology 47: 683.

Fulton, R.W. (1958). Virology 6: 499.

Fulton, R.W. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 19, 3 pp.

George, J.A. and Davidson, T.R. (1963). Can. J. Pl. Sci. 43: 276.

Halk, E.L. and Fulton, R.W. (1978). Virology 91: 434.

Thomas, H.E. and Hildebrand, E.M. (1936). Phytopathology 26: 1145.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 657 by R.W. Fulton, 1985. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 19.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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