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00.010.0.02.004. Asparagus virus 2

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.010.0.02.004. Asparagus virus 2. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Denmark (and Germany).

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Asparagus officinalis.

Natural host and symptoms
Asparagus officinalis — stunting, decline.

Reference to Isolation Report
Paludan (1964) and Groschel (1976) respectively.

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.010.0.02.004. Virus accession number: 10002004. Obsolete virus code: 10.0.2.02.01; superceded accession number: 10020201.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 39681.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): Asparagus virus C, Asparagus latent virus. ICTV approved acronym: AV-2. Virus is an ICTV approved species of the genus Ilarvirus; family 00.010. Bromoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is round to elongated with icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is isometric. Capsids appear roughly spherical to slightly elongated. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component.



















Electron micrograph of Asparagus virus 2, Bromoviridae by I. Fujisawa. Virus particles (NP1 component) in 2% phosphotungstate, pH 7.0, after fixation with 4% formaldehyde. Bar represents 100 nm (courtesy of I. Fujisawa).

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Reference for electron microscopic methods: Giunchedi et al. (1987, Phillips and Brunt (1985, Uyeda and Mink (1981).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 3 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is of the fastest 90 S20w (~2, of the other(s) are 104 S20w (~2), or 95 S20w. A260/A280 ratio is 1.31-1.36. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 45°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 2 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is segmented; tripartite, segements are distribute among 3 particle types of different size; consists of three segments of to four segments of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA. RNA-3 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 2307 nucleotides long and encodes ORF1 & ORF2; has the accession number [X86352]. Is subgenomic. Subgenomic RNA-4 is an mRNA derived from RNA-3 negative strand template. The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle and the segments are distributed between 3 different types of particles. The largest particles contain each one molecule of RNA-1 (sedimenting component B). The medium sized particles contain each one molecule of RNA-2 (sedimenting component M). The smallest particles contain one molecule each of RNA-3 and RNA-4 (sedimenting component T).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Capsid protein is involved in viral encapsidation and involved in protein movement.

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to citrus leaf rugose, citrus variegation, elm mottle and Tulare apple mosaic viruses. The virus does not show serological relationships to tobacco streak viruses.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by seeds; transmitted by pollen to the seed and transmitted by pollen to the pollinated plant.

Vector Transmission: Virus is not transmitted by Myzus persicae.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Asparagaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Asparagus officinalis, Beta vulgaris, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana glutinosa x N. clevelandii, Nicotiana tabacum, Ocimum basilicum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of necrotic local lesions and rings, vein chlorosis and mottling.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Cucumis melo, Datura stramonium, Lactuca sativa.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa — local necrotic spots, systemic necrosis.

Gomphrena globosa — white spots with red borders.

Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun — local necrotic rings and systemic vein yellowing and necrotic lines.

Nicotiana tabacum cv. White Burley — local necrotic rings. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Cucumis melo, Datura stramonium, Lactuca sativa.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), C. quinoa (L), Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun (W).

References to host data: Giunchedi et al. (1987, Uyeda and Mink (1981).

Cytopathology: Inclusions are not present in infected cells.

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in Eurasia and North America. The virus is found, but with no evidence of proliferation, in Europe and North America; Denmark, Germany, Italy, the UK and the USA.

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Bertaccini et al. (1990, Yang and Clore (1976).

References

Bertaccini, A, Macri, S., Poggi Pollini, C. and Martini, L. (1988). Inform. Fitopatol. 38: 39.

Bertaccini, A, Giunchedi, L. and Poggi Pollini, C. (1990). Acta Hort. 271: 279.

Bertaccini, A, Marani, F. and Passarelli, V. (1984). Atti giornate Fitopatol. 1984, Sorrento, Vol. 30, p. 437.

Giunchedi, L., Poggi Pollini, C., Bertaccini, A and Marani, F. (1987). Phytopath. Medit. 26: 117.

Groschel, H. (1976). Ph.D. Thesis, Tech. Univ. Hanover, pp.103.

Hartung, AC, Evans, T.A. and Stephens, C.T. (1985). Plant Dis. 6: 501.

Mink, G.I. and Uyeda, I. (1977). Pl. Dis. Reptr 61: 398.

Paludan, N. (1964). Maanedsovers. PlSygd. 407: 11.

Phillips, S. and Brunt, A.A. (1985). Pl. Path. 34: 440.

Uyeda, I. and Mink, G.I. (1981). Phytopathology 71: 1264.

Uyeda, I. and Mink, G.I. (1983). Phytopathology 73: 47.

Uyeda, I. and Mink, G.I. (1984). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No.288, 4 pp.

Yang, H.J. and Clore, W.J. (1976). Hort. Science 12: 140.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV REport .

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 47 by A. Bertaccini, 1991. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 288.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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