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Descriptions are generated automatically from the ICTVdB database including links. Some descriptions are only very basic and links may point to documents that are not yet published on the Web.

00.010.0.01.001. Alfalfa mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.010.0.01.001. Alfalfa mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Isolate Description

Location: the United States of America.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Medicago sativa.

Natural host and symptoms
the virus naturally infects many species including:

Caryopteris incana — white fleck.

Cicer arietinum — wilting.

Lycopersicon esculentum — severe necrosis.

Apium graveolens, A graveolens var. rapaceum, Lactuca sativa, Malva parviflora, Trifolium incarnatum, T. repens, Viburnum opulus — mosaic.

Medicago sativa — mosaic, mottle, malformation, but often symptomless during summer.

Nicotiana tabacum, Lupinus ssp. — mosaic and mottle.

Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, V. radiata, Astragalus glycyphyllos, Glycine max, Lablab purpureus, Lens culinaris, Capsicum annuum — necrotic or chlorotic local lesions, sometimes mosaic.

Philadelphus sp. — white mottle.

Pisum sativum — necrosis.

Solanum tuberosum — calico and tuber necrosis.

Reference to Isolation Report
Weimer (1931).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.010.0.01.001. Virus accession number: 10001001. Obsolete virus code: 10.0.1.0.001; superceded accession number: 10010001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12321.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): lucerne mosaic virus, potato calico virus. ICTV approved acronym: AMV. Virus is the type species of the genus 00.010.0.01. Alfamovirus; family 00.010. Bromoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is round to elongated with icosahedral symmetry (built of 30 dimers (60 subunits) under appropriate conditions. Particles found composed of 240 (B), 186 (M), 150 Tb or 132 (Ta) subunits, respectively). The capsid is quasi-isometric to bacilliform. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component. Virions consist of several nucleocapsids, capsids and segments have different lengths, but constant diameter with a length of 56 nm (B, 43 nm (M, 35 nm (Tb), or 30 nm (Ta that occurs either in bacilliform (Ta-b) or ellipsoidal (Ta-t) shape) and a width of 18 nm. The nucleocapsid is segmented.

Electron micrographs of Bromoviridae.
Electron micrographs of plant viruses are copyrighted by Dr RG Milne Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Most negative stains disrupt virions unless they are first fixed with formaldehyde. The virions of some strains are stable in AM (Price and McLean, 1982). Reference for electron microscopic methods: Van Vloten-Doting and Jaspars (1972).

Capsid structures, detailed structural and computational analysis are found in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) using VIPERdB, the VIrus Particle ExploreR for Alfalfa mosaic virus

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.381 g cm^-3 (T_a), or 1.385 g cm^-3 (B). The density of virions is in Cs₂SO₄ 1.278 g cm^-3. There are 4 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations (at least). The sedimentation coefficient is of the fastest 94 S_20w (B, of the other(s) are 82 S_20w (M), or 78 S_20w (Ta), or 66 S_20w (Tb; minor components of 53 S and 60 S found in some isolates). Isoelectric point pH is 4.6. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio is 1.7-1.8. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 60-65°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 1-4 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3-4. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with proteases, or decreased when deproteinized with proteases; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent (provided RNA-4 is present).

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 16% of the virion by weight. The genome is segmented, tripartite (segements are distribute among 3 particle types of different size), and consists of four segments of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions may also contain subgenomic RNA, that is mRNA derived from genomic RNA-3. The complete genome is 8274 nucleotides long, or 9155 nucleotides long. Sequence can be accessed from EBI-EMBL and GenBank. The RNA-1 is fully sequenced. Complete sequence is 3644 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number
[L00163] Em(40)_vi:ALMAACG1Z Gb(84)_vi:MAACG1Z Alfalfa mosaic virus (strain 425 Leiden) RNA 1 of complete genome. 5/94 3,644bp.
[L00164] Gb(84)_vi:MAARNA13 Alfalfa mosaic virus (strain Q) RNA 1. 8/86 226bp.
[M25006] Em(40)_vi:ALMAARNAC Gb(84)_vi:MAARNAC Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1, 3' end. 4/92 110bp.
[M35975] Em(40)_vi:ALMAARNA Gb(84)_vi:MAARNA1A Alfalfa mosaic virus (strain AlMV-S) 5' end of RNA-1. 12/90 163bp.
[M35976] Em(40)_vi:ALMAAR01 Gb(84)_vi:MAARNA1B Alfalfa mosaic virus (strain AlMV-B) 5' end of RNA-1. 12/90 115bp.
[V00044] Em(40)_vi:ALALM1 Gb(84)_vi:ALALM1 5' end of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1. 5/94 61bp.
[V00049] Em(40)_vi:ALALM6 Gb(84)_vi:ALALM6 3' end of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1. 7/91 226bp.
[V00052] Em(40)_vi:ALAM01 Gb(84)_vi:ALAM01 Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 fragment. (Obtained after digestion with ribonuclease T1). 5/94 8
[V00053] Em(40)_vi:ALAM02 Gb(84)_vi:ALAM02 Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 fragment. (Obtained after digestion with ribonuclease T1). 5/94 6
[V00054] Em(40)_vi:ALAM03 Gb(84)_vi:ALAM03 Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 fragment. (Obtained after digestion with ribonuclease T1). 5/94 4
[V00055] Em(40)_vi:ALAM04 Gb(84)_vi:ALAM04 Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 fragment. (Obtained after digestion with ribonuclease T1). 5/94 4
[V00056] Em(40)_vi:ALAM05 Gb(84)_vi:ALAM05 Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 fragment. (Obtained after digestion with ribonuclease T1). 5/94 4
[V00057] Em(40)_vi:ALAM06 Gb(84)_vi:ALAM06 Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 fragment. (Obtained after digestion with ribonuclease T1). 5/94 3
[V00058] Em(40)_vi:ALAM07 Gb(84)_vi:ALAM07 Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 fragment. (Obtained after digestion with ribonuclease T1). 5/94 3
[V00059] Em(40)_vi:ALAM08 Gb(84)_vi:ALAM08 Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 fragment. (Obtained after digestion with ribonuclease T1). 5/94 3
[V00060] Em(40)_vi:ALAM09 Gb(84)_vi:ALAM09 Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 fragment. (Obtained after digestion with ribonuclease T1). 5/94 2
[V00061] Em(40)_vi:ALAM10 Gb(84)_vi:ALAM10 Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 fragment. (Obtained after digestion with ribonuclease T1). 5/94 2
[V00062] Em(40)_vi:ALAM11 Gb(84)_vi:ALAM11 Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 fragment. (Obtained after digestion with ribonuclease A). 5/94 25
[V00063] Em(40)_vi:ALAM12 Gb(84)_vi:ALAM12 Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 fragment. (Obtained after digestion with ribonuclease A). 5/94 19
[V00064] Em(40)_vi:ALAM13 Gb(84)_vi:ALAM13 Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 fragment. (Obtained after digestion with ribonuclease A). 5/94 19
[V00065] Em(40)_vi:ALAM14 Gb(84)_vi:ALAM14 Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 fragment. (Obtained after digestion with ribonuclease A). 5/94 18
[V00066] Em(40)_vi:ALAM15 Gb(84)_vi:ALAM15 Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 fragment. (Obtained after digestion with ribonuclease A). 5/94 18
[V00067] Em(40)_vi:ALAM16 Gb(84)_vi:ALAM16 Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 fragment. (Obtained after digestion with ribonuclease A). 5/94 15
[V00068] Em(40)_vi:ALAM17 Gb(84)_vi:ALAM17 Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 fragment. (Obtained after digestion with ribonuclease T1). 5/94 9.

RNA-2 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 2593 nucleotides long and has the accession number
[K02702]Gb(84)_vi:MAACG2Z Alfalfa mosaic virus (strain 425 Leiden) RNA 2 of complete genome. 9/88 2,593bp.
[M25005]Em(40)_vi:ALMAARNAB Gb(84)_vi:MAARNAB Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 2, 3' end. 4/92 103bp.
[M36389]Em(40)_vi:ALMAAR02 Gb(84)_vi:MAARNA2A Alfalfa mosaic virus (strain AlMV-S) 5' end of RNA-2. 12/90 108bp.
[M36390]Em(40)_vi:ALMAAR03 Gb(84)_vi:MAARNA2B Alfalfa mosaic virus (strain AlMV-B) 5' end of RNA-2. 12/90 109bp.
[V00045]Em(40)_vi:ALALM2 Gb(84)_vi:ALALM2 5' end of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 2. 5/94 13bp.
[V00050]Em(40)_vi:ALALM7 Gb(84)_vi:ALALM7 3' end of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 2. 7/91 228bp.
[X01572]Em(40)_vi:A1MVRNA2 Gb(84)_vi:A1MVRNA2 Alfalfa mosaic virus (A1M4) RNA 2. 7/91 2,593bp.

RNA-3 is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 2037 nucleotides long and has the accession numbers
[J02001] Gb(84)_vi:MAARNA23 alfalfa mosaic virus (Q strain) rna2 3' end. 2/85 228bp.
[J02003] Em(40)_vi:ALRNA3 Gb(84)_vi:MAARNA3 alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 3 35kd protein leader sequence. 4/90 318bp.
[J02005] Gb(84)_vi:MAARNA35 alfalfa mosaic virus (strain 425) rna3 5' end. 2/85 101bp.

[K02703] Em(40)_vi:ALMRNA3 Gb(84)_vi:MAACG3Z Alfalfa mosaic virus (strain 425 Madison) RNA 3 of complete genome. 4/90 2,037bp
[K03542] Em(40)_vi:MAARNA3L Gb(84)_vi:MAARNA3L Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 3 encoding viral coat protein, complete. B. 4/90 2,142bp.
[L00161] Gb(84)_vi:MAARNA33 Alfalfa mosaic virus (strain Q) RNA 3, 3' end. 8/86 230bp.

[M36391] Em(40)_vi:ALMAAR04 Gb(84)_vi:MAARNA3B Alfalfa mosaic virus (strain AlMV-S) 5' end of RNA-3. 12/90 305bp.
[M36392] Em(40)_vi:ALMAAR05 Gb(84)_vi:MAARNA3C Alfalfa mosaic virus (strain AlMV-B) 5' end of RNA-3. 12/90 290bp.
[S55890] Em(40)_vi:S55890 Gb(84)_vi:S55890 RNA-3 coat protein homologue, alfalfa mosaic virus RNA-3 32K protein homologue (RNA-2) (raspberry bushy dwarf virus, Genomic RNA, 2231 nt).
[V00046] Em(40)_vi:ALALM3 Gb(84)_vi:ALALM3 5' end of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 3. 5/94 101bp.
[V00047] Em(40)_vi:ALALM4 Gb(84)_vi:ALALM4 Intercistronic junction in alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 3. 5/94 122bp.
[V00051] Em(40)_vi:ALALM8 Gb(84)_vi:ALALM8 3' end of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 3. 7/91 230bp.
[X00819] Em(40)_vi:ALAM19 Gb(84)_vi:ALAM19 Alfalfa mosaic virus (strain S) complete RNA 3 sequence. 9/93 2,055bp.
[M28374] Em(43)_vi:Maatbts7a Gb(89)_vi:Maatbts7a Alfalfa mosaic virus (clone 143) temperature-sensitive mutant Tbts7 RNA3 (coat protein-encoding
[M28375] Em(43)_vi:Maatbts7b Gb(89)_vi:Maatbts7b Alfalfa mosaic virus (clone 112) temperature-sensitive mutant Tbts7 RNA3 (coat protein-encoding), 5' end fragment.

RNA-4 is the encapsidated mRNA has been fully sequenced, complete sequence is 881 nucleotides long (RNA-4). Has the accession number
[L00162] Em(40)_vi:ALMAARNA4 Gb(84)_vi:MAARNA4 Alfalfa mosaic virus (strain 425 Leiden) RNA 4 encoding viral coat protein. 5/94 964bp.
[M10826] Em(40)_vi:MAARNA01 Gb(84)_vi:MAARNA4AX Alfalfa mosaic virus (A1MV) RNA 4, 3' terminal fragment 29C. 7/91 91bp.
[M10851] Em(40)_vi:MAARNA4A Gb(84)_vi:MAARNA4A Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 4, 5' terminal region. 7/89 74bp.

[M25004] Em(40)_vi:ALMAARNAA Gb(84)_vi:MAARNAA Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 3 or 4, 3' end. 4/92 113bp.
[M25452] Em(40)_vi:ALMAARNA1 Gb(84)_vi:MAARNA4D Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 4 RNA fragment. 4/92 62bp.
[M59241] Em(40)_vi:ALMAA32K Gb(84)_vi:MAA32KDMP Alfalfa mosaic virus 32 kDa movement protein and coat protein RNA, complete cds. 8/92 2,188bp.
[U12509] Em(43)_vi:Am12509 Gb(89)_vi:Amu12509 Alfalfa mosaic virus NZ1 RNA4 coat protein mRNA, complete cds. 8/94 876bp.
[U12510] Em(43)_vi:Am12510 Gb(89)_vi:Amu12510 Alfalfa mosaic virus NZ2 RNA4 coat protein mRNA, complete cds. 8/94 876bp.
[V00048] Em(40)_vi:ALALM5 Gb(84)_vi:ALALM5 alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 4 coding for the coat protein. 5/94 881bp.

Subgenomic RNA-4 is an mRNA derived from RNA-3 negative strand template. The genome has a base ratio of 23 % guanine; 25 % adenine; 23 % cytosine; 29 % uracil. The genome sequence has termini with of RNA-3 has 7 cross-linked hairpin ends (at 3'-end non-coding region). Nucleotide sequences at the 3'-terminus are similar (of all four RNAs). The 5'-end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap; cap sequence type is m7G5'ppp5 ('Gp). The 3'-terminus has conserved nucleotide sequences; sequence has 145 nucleotides in length; in all RNA species. The 3'-terminus has no poly (A) tract. The 3'-terminus has no tRNA-like structure. The genome has no intergenic poly (A) region. The multipartite genome is divided among more than one type of particle and the segments are distributed between 3-7 different types of particles. The largest particles contain 3 types each one molecule of RNA-1 (sedimenting component B). The medium sized particles contain each one molecule of RNA-2 (sedimenting component M). The smallest particles contain each one molecule of RNA3 (sedimenting component Tb), or two molecules of RNA-4 (sedimenting component Ta). Reference to nucleotide sequence Cornelissen et al. (1983, Collot et al. (1977, Barker et al. (1983, Ravelonandro et al. (1984, Gunn and Symons (1980, Koper-Zwarthoff et al. (1980, Houwing and Jaspars (1982).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 84% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s) located in the capsid.

Structural Proteins: Capsid protein coat. Capsid protein has a molecular mass of 24250 Da; is involved in viral encapsidation and involved in protein movement.

Reference to method of preparation: Kruseman et al. (1971).

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Van Beynum (1977) for AMV-425 and Castel (1979) for AMV-VRU.

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is not infectious, or infectious (RNA-1 and RNA-2 alone can infect protoplasts, a successful infection by the virus requires the coat protein specifically associated with RNA 3'-terminal sequences for replicase recognition, or the subgenomic mRNA encoding the coat protein (of 0.88 kb).

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells; encoding the coat protein.

Translation: Coat protein mRNA is translated in the cytoplasm.

Antigenicity

No other viruses are definitive alfamoviruses. However, sunflower ringspot virus (J. Dale, pers. comm.) and a virus isolated from Mercurialis perennis in the U.K. (A.A. Brunt, pers. comm.) have virions of similar shape, but are not serologically related. Cassava Ivorian bacilliform virus (Fargette et al., 1991), and allied viruses, is unrelated. Some alfalfa mosaic virus genes are homologous to those of the ilar-, bromo- and cucumoviruses.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae)
Subclass ROSIDAE; Order Fabales;
Family Fabaceae (~Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) Medicago sativa.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist, or disappear soon after infection.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds (50% in alfalfa seeds from individual infected plants and up to 10% in commercial seed, transmitted by pollen to the seed.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Myzus persicae and at least 13 other species. Virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Linaceae, Malvaceae, Philadelphaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Polygonaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Umbelliferae, Verbenaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Abelmoschus esculentus, Ageratum conyzoides, Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Antirrhinum majus, Apium graveolens, Apium graveolens var. rapaceum, Arachis hypogaea, Astragalus glycyphyllos, Beta vulgaris, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Calendula officinalis, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, Caryopteris incana, Catharanthus roseus, Celosia argentea, Cheiranthus cheiri, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Cicer arietinum, Cichorium endiva, Coriandrum sativum, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Daucus carota (var. sativa), Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Emilia sagittata, Fagopyrum esculentum, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Helianthus annuus, Lablab purpureus, Lactuca sativa, Lathyrus odoratus, Lens culinaris, Linum usitatissimum, Lupinus albus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Macroptilium lathyroides, Malva parviflora, Matthiola incana, Medicago hispida, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Ocimum basilicum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Philadelphus, Physalis floridana, Physalis peruviana, Phytolacca americana, Pisum sativum, Solanum demissum, Solanum melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum nodiflorum, Solanum rostratum, Solanum tuberosum, Sonchus oleraceus, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Trifolium subterraneum, Tropaeolum majus, Viburnum opulus, Vicia faba, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis , Zinnia elegans.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of necrotic local lesions, mottles or ringspots.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, or Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Atriplex hortensis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Cassia tora, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium foetidum, Datura stramonium, Hyoscyamus niger, Lotus corniculatus, Nicandra physalodes, Sesbania exaltata, Verbesina encelioides, Vicia sativa, Vicia villosa.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa — chlorotic local lesions; systemic chlorotic and necrotic flecks which distinguish this virus from cucumber mosaic virus.

Ocimum basilicum — systemic yellow mosaic.

Phaseolus vulgaris — most strains induce necrotic local lesions, some induce chlorotic local lesions or a systemic mottle, vein necrosis and leaf malformation.

Pisum sativum — local lesions and/or wilting of inoculated leaves; systemic stem necrosis and plant death.

Vicia faba — black necrotic local lesions, stem necrosis and plant death, a few isolates induce systemic mottle.

Vigna unguiculata — necrotic local lesions, not systemic, some isolates induce various systemic symptoms.

Nicotiana tabacum — necrotic and chlorotic local lesions (some strains induce no local symptoms, systemic mottle, vein banding, ringspots, rarely malformation.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Nicotiana glutinosa, N. tabacum.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium amaranticolor (L,W), C. quinoa (L,W), Phaseolus vulgaris (L,W), Vigna unguiculata (L).

References to host data: Thornberry (1966, Hull (1969, Schmelzer et al. (1973).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm and chloroplast (within in cytoplasmic invaginations).

Cytopathology: Inclusions are cytoplasmic present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Inclusions are vacuolated bodies derived from spheroidal and granular bodies, vacuolated or non-vacuolated bodies containing nucleoprotein and hexagonal crystals. Inclusions contain mature virions (aggregated). Also tubular bodies are found in the nucleus (Hull et al., 1969).

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide.

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Gibbs (1962, Garran and Gibbs (1982, Edwardson and Christie (1986).

References

Barker, R.F., Jarvis, N.P., Thompson, D.U., Loesch-Fries, LS and Hall, T.C. (1983). Nucl. Acids Res. 11: 2881.

Bos, L. and Jaspars, E.M.J. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 46, 4 pp.

Castel, A, Kraal, B., de Graaf, J.M. and Bosch, L. (1979). Eur. J. Biochem. 102: 125.

Collot, D., Dupin, A and Duranton, H. (1977). Biochim. biophys. Acta 492: 260.

Cornelissen, B.J.C., Brederode, FTh, Veenemann, GH , van Boom, J.H. and Bol, J.F. (1983). Nucl. Acids Res. 11: 3019.

Edwardson, J.R. and Christie, R.G. (1986). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monogr. No. 14, p. 30.

Garran, J. and Gibbs, AJ. (1982). Aust. J. agric. Res. 33: 657.

Gibbs, AJ. (1962). Pl. Path. 11: 167.

Gunn, MR and Symons, RH (1980). FEBS Lett. 109: 145.

Houwing, CJ and Jaspars, E.M.J. (1982). Biochemistry 21: 3408.

Hull, R. (1969). Adv. Virus Res. 15, p. 365.

Hull, R., Hills, G.J. and Plaskitt, (1969). J. Ultrastruct. Res. 24: 465.

Jaspars E.M.J. and Bos, L. (1980). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 229, 7 pp.

Koper-Zwarthoff, EC, Brederode, FTh, Veenemann, G. and van Boom, J.H. (1980). Nucl. Acids Res. 8: 5635.

Kruseman, J., Jaspars, E.M.J., Bol, J.F., Brederode, FTh and Veldstra, H. (1971). Biochemistry 10: 447.

Price, L.K. and McLean, GD (1982). Australas. Pl. Path. 11: 48.

Ravelonandro, M., Pinck, M. and Pinck, L. (1984). Biochimie 66: 395.

Schmelzer, K., Schmidt, H.B. and Beczner, L. (1973). Biol. Zbl. 92: 211.

Thornberry, HH (1966). In: Index of Plant Virus Diseases. U.S. Dept Agric. Hdbk No. 307, p.264.

Van Beynum, G.MA, de Graaf, J.M., Castel, A, Kraal, B. and Bosch, L. (1977). Eur. J. Biochem. 72: 63.

Van Vloten-Doting, L. and Jaspars, E.M.J. (1972). Virology 48: 699.

Weimer, J.L. (1931). Phytopathology 21: 122.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 9 by L. van Vloten-Doting, 1981. Revised 1987 by AJ. Gibbs.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 2292671 (009).

Images

Taxon images: • EM by Robert G. Milne. • EM by Robert G. Milne. • courtesy of A.J. Gibbs and VIDE. • EM from IACR Rothamsted. • courtesy of A.J. Gibbs and VIDE. • courtesy of A.J. Gibbs and VIDE. • courtesy of A.J. Gibbs and VIDE.

The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

ICTVdB and DELTA related References

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