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00.000.4.00.019. Orchid fleck virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.000.4.00.019. Orchid fleck virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Japan.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Cymbidium ssp.

Natural host and symptoms
Cymbidium alexanderi — chlorotic or necrotic flecks.

Phalaenopsis ssp. and hybrids — chlorotic flecks.

Renanthera ssp. — chlorotic flecks, then sunken gray necrotic streaks with sharp margins and of variable size.

Coelogyne ssp., Dendrobium ssp. (and hybrids), Miltonia ssp., Odontoglossum ssp., Oncidium ssp. and Paphiopedilum ssp. — chlorotic areas often with necrotic centres or rings.

Vanda ssp. — irregular chlorotic areas.

Reference to Isolation Report
Doi et al. (1969, Chang et al. (1973).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.000.4.00.019. Virus accession number: 00400019. Obsolete virus code: 00.000.0.00.036.; 62.U.P.0.036; superceded accession number: 00000036; 62up0036.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 152177.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): dendrobium leaf streak virus, dendrobium virus, probably laelia red leafspot, short orchid virus, orchid virus, phalaenopsis chlorotic spot virus, phalaenopsis hybrid virus, phalaenopsis virus. ICTV approved acronym: OFV. Virus is unclassified. Virus is not assigned to a genus; not assigned to a family; not assigned to an order.

Morphology

Virions consist of a nucleocapsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, or enveloped (occasionally seen in infected plant tissues). Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is uncoiled filamentous, or rhabdo-like to cylindrical (coiled) with a length with a length of 105-150 nm and a width of 40-50 nm. Axial canal is distinct; c. 15 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious. Pitch of helix is 4.5 nm (Chang et al., 1976).

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions, or many virions. For negative staining, mount sap in 2% AM pH 6.5. Virions appear smaller (32-35 x 100-140 nm) in leaf sections. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Chang et al. (1976).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 1 days (at 6°C). Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2.

Nucleic Acid

The genome is monopartite, only one particle size is recovered.

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins.

Replication cycle Virions accumulate in the cell nucleus.

Antigenicity

The virions of orchid fleck virus resemble those of plant rhabdoviruses, but are smaller, lack an outer envelope, and are still infective after treatment with detergents (e.g. Triton X-100), thus they may be equivalent to the internal component of virus virions. In virion morphology and intracellular effects, orchid fleck virus closely resembles coffee ringspot (Kitajima and Costa, 1972) and Citrus leprosis viruses (Kitajima et al., 1972).

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are Electron microscopy will distinguish orchid fleck virus from Cymbidium mosaic, Odontoglossum ringspot and other orchid viruses.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seeds (some isolates infect better above 30°C).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Orchidaceae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Coelogyne, Cymbidium alexanderi, Dendrobium nobile, Miltonia, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana tabacum, Odontoglossum, Oncidium, Paphiopedilum, Phalaenopsis, Renanthera, Vanda, Vicia faba.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Dendrobium nobile, Cymbidium alexanderi — systemic chlorotic or necrotic spots or flecks.

Nicotiana glutinosa, N. tabacum cvs Bright Yellows, White Burley, Xanthi-nc and KY-57 — chlorotic or necrotic local lesions, no systemic symptoms.

Chenopodium quinoa — chlorotic local lesions.

Vicia faba — brown necrotic local lesions.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Cymbidium alexanderi.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Nicotiana glutinosa (L), Nicotiana tabacum (L), Chenopodium quinoa (L).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in mesophyll. Virions are found in the cytoplasm and nucleus (where virions are commonly found to attach by one end to the inner nuclear membrane (Chang et al., 1976) or endoplasmic reticulum).

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Nuclear inclusion bodies are crystals (Chang et al., 1976; Lesemann and Doraiswamy, 1975). Cytoplasmic inclusions are viroplasma. Inclusions contain mature virions. Other cellular changes include virions attached to the periphery of the nucleus.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Australia, Brazil, Germany, Japan, and the United States of America (Lesemann and Doraiswamy, 1975; Kitajima et al., 1974). The virus is found, but with no evidence of proliferation, in New Zealand.

References

Chang, M.U., Arai, K., Doi, Y. and Yora, K. (1973). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 39: 171.

Chang, M.U., Arai, K., Doi, Y. and Yora, K. (1976). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 42: 156.

Doi, Y., Chang, M.U. and Yora, K. (1977). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 183, 3 pp.

Doi, Y., Toriyama, S., Yora, K. and Asuyama, H. (1969). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 35: 388.

Kitajima, E.W. and Costa, AS. (1972). Cienc. Cult. 24: 542.

Kitajima, E.W., Müller, G.W., Costa, AS. and Yuki, W. (1972). Virology 50: 254.

Kitajima, E.W., Blumenschein, A and Costa, AS. (1974). Phytopath. Z. 81: 280.

Lesemann, D.-E. and Begtrup, J. (1971). Phytopath. Z. 71: 257.

Lesemann, D.-E. and Doraiswamy, S. (1975). Phytopath. Z. 83: 27.

Petzold, H. (1971). Phytopath. Z. 70: 45.

PubMed References. A description of this taxon in VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 541 by D.-E. Lesemann, 1986.

A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 183.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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