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00.000.4.00.015. Watercress yellow spot virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.000.4.00.015. Watercress yellow spot virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: France.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum.

Natural host and symptoms
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum — chlorotic spotting and blotching, mainly on leaf veins, some leaves malformed and maybe totally chlorotic.

Reference to Isolation Report
Spire (1962).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.000.4.00.015. Virus accession number: 00400015. Obsolete virus code: 00.079.0.70.044.; 79.0.P.DE.44; superceded accession number: 79070044; 790pde44.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): virus des taches jaunes du cresson. Virus is unclassified. Virus is not assigned to a genus; not assigned to a family.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions are not enveloped. The capsid is isometric, round with icosahedral symmetry and has a diameter of 27 nm (Spire, 1962), or 37-38 nm (Walsh et al., 1989a). Capsids appear round. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible (sometimes).

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. ISEM often required to see virions in leaf sap. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Walsh et al. (1989a).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.335 g cm-3. There are probably 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 133.8 S20w. A260/A280 ratio is 1.53-1.66. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 65°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is less than 1 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2-3. The infectivity is decreased by treatment with ether.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 18% of the virion by weight. The genome is possibly linear, single-stranded RNA.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

Shares some properties with tombusviruses, including the sedimentation coefficient of the virions and the coat protein molecular weight, but its virions are unstable, and are larger than those of tombusviruses.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are sero-diagnosis by ELISA, ISEM and gel diffusion.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms).

General Symptoms in Plants Symptoms chlorotic spotting and blotching.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms vary cyclically over a few weeks, vary seasonally, and disappear soon after infection (sometimes).

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is probably transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation (with great difficulty).

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by probably fungi; of the order Plasmodiophorales; probably Spongospora subterranea f.sp. Nasturtium. Virus is not transmitted by Myzus persicae.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Chenopodiaceae, Cruciferae, Solanaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Barbarea verna, Brassica juncea, Brassica napus var. napus (cv. Mikado), Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of necrotic local lesions, then indistinct chlorotic blotches or ringspots.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Compositae, Cruciferae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa (cv. Just Right), Lactuca sativa, Nicotiana tabacum.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum — spotting and blotching, but less severe than in naturally infected plants.

Chenopodium quinoa — necrotic local lesions, not systemic.

Nicotiana clevelandii — indistinct chlorotic blotches, sometimes ringspots, not systemic.

Brassica juncea cv. Tendergreen — symptomless.

Nicotiana glutinosa — ringspots, not systemic.

Brassica napus var. napus cv. Mikado — pinpoint necrotic local lesions.

Barbarea verna — symptomless.

Chenopodium amaranticolor — necrotic local lesions, not systemic. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Lactuca sativa, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa cv. Just Right, Nicotiana tabacum cv. White Burley.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Chenopodium quinoa (L), C. amaranticolor (L), Nicotiana clevelandii (L).

References to host data: Walsh et al. (1989b).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in roots and sometimes in leaves.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in France and the United Kingdom (Spire, 1962; Walsh et al., 1989a).

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Spire (1962, Walsh et al. (1989a, Walsh (1990, Walsh and Phelps (1991).

Comments

Watercress chlorotic leafspot, although initially attributed to virus infection (Tomlinson and Hunt, 1987), is now considered to be induced by a virus-like agent (Tomlinson, 1988).

References

Spire, D. (1962). Ann. Epiphyt. 13: 39.

Walsh, J.A. (1990). First Symp. of Int. Working Group on Plant Viruses with Fungal Vectors, German Phytomedical Society. Ulmer, Stuttgart, 173

Walsh, J.A. and Phelps, K. (1991). Pl. Path. in press.

Tomlinson, J.A. (1988). In: Viruses with Fungal Vectors; ed. J.I. Cooper and M.J.C. Asher. Wellesbourne, U.K., Association of Applied Biologists.

Tomlinson, J.A. and Hunt, J. (1987). Ann. appl. Biol. 110: 75.

Walsh, J.A., Clay, C.M. and Miller, A (1989a). EPPO Bull. 19: 463.

Walsh, J.A., Clay, C.M., Miller, A and Rowe, JC (1989b). Aspects Appl. Biol. 22: 101.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 873 by J.A. Walsh, 1991.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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